Group Tasks

1
Group Tasks

• Left Side
• Recently, a disturbing report was issued on the
  dangers of dihydrogen monoxide. The biggest
  concern in the report was that this chemical had
  been detected in a number of areas (like the air
  we breathe and different places in our homes).
• You need to determine what you would do to
  protect yourself from this chemical.
  (http//www.dhmo.org) http//www.dhmo.org

• Right Side
• I have developed a way to make bottled water that
  I guarantee will be chemical free.
• Typically already, bottled water costs about
  3/gallon.
• You need to determine how much I should charge
  for Dr. Joes Chemical Free Water.

2
Whats the deal?

• In the first case, were assuming water is not a
  chemical.
• In the second case, were being told it is a
  dangerous chemical.
• I ask you then, what is a chemical? Are all
  chemicals bad or harmful?
• Many people assume chemicals are bad

3
What is Chemistry?

• Study of matter and its changes.
• Matter is anything that takes up space and has
  mass.
• WOAH!! Isnt that nearly everything?
• So chemistry plays a role in your everyday life,
  more than you probably know!

4
Balloons

• Why the differences?
• Because its different stuff in there, right?
• Yes, but, thats not enough of an answer in
  science! We want to know why those particular
  things or chemicals did those different things.

5
Macroscopic vs Nanoscale

• What we saw happen we say occurred on a
  macroscopic level
• To really understand why it happened, we need to
  look at a level we cant see with our naked
  eyesa microscopic level
• Actually, we need to look at the behavior of
  atoms and moleculesthis is called the nanoscale
  level
• Much of what well do in here is attempt to
  explain what we see at a macroscopic level in
  terms of the nanoscale!!!

6
Properties of Matter

• Physical
• Color
• Mass
• Volume
• State (solid, liquid, gas)

During a physical change, the fundamental
particles are not changed

• Chemical
• it reacts with acid
• it does not react with air

During a chemical change, the fundamental
particles are changed
7
Density

• Amount of mass filling a volume
• Density mass/volume
• Constant for a material (at a given Temp)

8
Using Density

• At a certain temperature, ethanol has a density
  of 0.80 g/mL. If I needed 150 g of ethanol, what
  volume of ethanol would I need to measure out?

150 g
187.5 mL
9
Daltons Atomic Theory
1. All matter is composed of indivisible atoms.
2. An element is a type of matter composed of
only 1 type of atom.
3. A compound is a type of matter composed of
atoms of two or more elements chemically combined
in fixed proportions.
4. A chemical reaction is simply a rearrangement
of the atoms present to give new chemical
combinations.
10

• A physical change is a change that does not alter
  the identity of the matter.
• A chemical change is a change that does alter the
  identity of the matter.
• A compound is a pure substance that can be
  decomposed by a chemical change into simpler
  substances
• An element is a pure substance which cannot be
  broken down into anything simpler by either
  physical or chemical means.

11

• Chemical Change Sugar is a compound that can be
  easily decomposed to simpler substances by
  heating. One of the simpler substances is the
  black element carbon, which cannot be further
  decomposed by chemical or physical means.

12

• Physical Change (H2O) As a solid, liquid, or gas
  still has only H2O water molecules present. The
  H and O are not broken apart going from ice,
  water, to steam. Only the energy per individual
  H2O molecules changes.

13
Atom
14
Identifying an Atom

• Atoms of a particular element will all have same
  number of protons
• Z atomic number
• A atomic mass number
• Write Nuclide Symbols to Identify Atom

15
Nuclide Symbols

• Write the nuclide symbol for an atom with mass
  number 15 and 8 neutrons.

16
Atomic Mass
1 Atomic Mass Unit A.M.U. amu
1 amu mass of the proton mass of the neutron
The Periodic Chart lists atomic mass underneath
the atomic symbol
17
The Mole

• number of atoms needed to have atomic mass in
  grams
• 6.02 x 1023

18
Using the Mole

• The link between macroscopic grams and nanoscale
  number of particles!
• If I had 0.750 mol of Pb,
• How many grams of Pb must I have?
• How many atoms of Pb must I have?

19
The Periodic Table

• Periodic Trends

20
(No Transcript)
21
The Real Periodic Table
 
22
The Periodic Table

• Rows are periods
• Columns are groups
• sections

Main Group Transition Inner Transition
Metals Nonmetals Metalloids