Cellular Respiration

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Cellular Respiration
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Cellular Respiration
Objectives

• Summarize how glucose is broken down in the first
  stage of cellular respiration.

• Describe how ATP is made in the second stage of
  cellular respiration.

• Identify the role of fermentation in the second
  stage of cellular respiration.

• Evaluate the importance of oxygen in aerobic
  respiration.

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Mitochondria

• The matrix where 3-carbon pieces that came from
  carbohydrates are broken down to (CO2 and water)
• The cristae is where ATP is made

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Cellular Respiration

• Is a series of reactions where fats, proteins,
  and carbohydrates, mostly glucose, are broken
  down to make CO2, water, and energy.

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ATP

• Most of the energy from cell respiration is
  converted into ATP
• ATP is a substance that powers most cell
  activities.

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Vocabulary

• Cellular Respiration the transfer of energy
  from an organic compound into ATP
• Fermentation the breakdown of carbohydrates by
  enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence
  of oxygen
• Pyruvate- an ion of a three-carbon organic acid
  called pyruvic acid.

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Cellular Respiration
Cellular Energy

• The Stages of Cellular Respiration Cellular
  respiration has two stages.

• Glycolysis The first stage of cellular
  respiration is called glycolysis.

• Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration The second
  stage of cellular respiration is either aerobic
  respiration (in the presence of oxygen) or
  anaerobic respiration (in the absence of oxygen).
  A large amount of ATP is made during aerobic
  respiration. NAD is recycled during the
  anaerobic process of fermentation.

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Cellular Respiration
Stage One Breakdown of Glucose

• Glycolysis Glucose is broken down to pyruvate
  during glycolysis, making some ATP.

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Cellular Respiration
Stage Two Production of ATP

• Krebs Cycle The Krebs cycle is a series of
  reactions that produce energy-storing molecules
  during aerobic respiration.
• Electron Transport Chain During aerobic
  respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an
  electron transport chain.

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Cellular Respiration
Fermentation in the Absence of Oxygen

• Fermentation When oxygen is not present,
  fermentation follows glycolysis, regenerating
  NAD needed for glycolysis to continue.
• Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid
  fermentation, pyruvate is converted to lactate.

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Cellular Respiration

• Cellular Respiration is a metabolic process like
  burning fuel
• Releases much of the energy in food to make ATP
• This ATP provides cells with the energy they need
  to carry out the activities of life.
• C6H12O6O2 CO2 H2O ATP

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Review

• When oxygen is present most the ATP made in
  cellular respiration is produced by
• A. aerobic respiration
• B. Glycolysis
• C. alcoholic fermentation
• D. Lactic acid fermentation.