Class Slides Set 16B

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Class Slides Set 16B Brains
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The brains . . .

• apes and humans have large heads and brains
• (relative to body size)

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Human and Ape Brains
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 389
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The brains . . .

• the large brains of apes and humans are also more
  developed than those of other animals
• . . .

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The brains develop in . . .

• size . . .
• complexity . . .
• the ratio of brain weight to overall body weight
  . . .

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The brains develop in . . .

• size . . .
• complexity . . .
• the ratio of brain weight to overall body weight
  . . .

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Cranial Capacity
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 207
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Cranial Capacity
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 207
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Cranial Capacity
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 207
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The brains develop in . . .

• size . . .
• complexity . . .
• the ratio of brain weight to overall body weight
  . . .

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Lateral view of the brain. The illustration shows
the increase in the cerebral cortex of the
brain. The cerebral cortex integrates sensory
information and selects responses.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 107
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The brains . . .

• humans have highly developed frontal and
  occipital regions of the brain . . .

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The brains . . .

• occipital region
• curved back and base
• of the skull

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Gracile Australopithecus / Homo Lineage Brain
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 390
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The brains . . .

• cerebrum
• large rounded structure of the brain
• largest part of the brain
• comprises ca. 85 of the brains total weight

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Lateral view of the brain. The illustration shows
the increase in the cerebral cortex of the
brain. The cerebral cortex integrates sensory
information and selects responses.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 107
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The brains . . .

• The cerebral cortex
• (neocortex)
• increases in area

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The brains . . .

• cerebral cortex
• neocortex
• thin layer of grey matter covering the cerebrum

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The brains . . .

• in humans the cerebral cortex lies in folds or
  convolutions over the entire surface of the
  cerebral hemisphere

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The brains . . .

• prehistorically the convoluted cerebral cortex
  can often be seen in endocasts

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The brains . . .

• endocasts
• fossilized casts of the interior of a skull

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The brains . . .

• humans also have
• well-developed association areas . . .

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The brains . . .

• association areas are thought to be involved in
  learning, memory, thinking, and bringing together
  information form the various senses

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The brains . . .

• association areas
• regions of the cerebral hemispheres thought to
  serve some integrative function . . .

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Human Brain
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 389
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The brains develop in . . .

• size . . .
• complexity . . .
• the ratio of brain weight to overall body weight
  . . .
• (brain weight / body weight ratio)

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Brain Weight Body Weight Ratios
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 386
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http//www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/p
cbrain.html
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Continue on to Set 16C
Next Teeth / Jaw Diet