Title: Data
1Data Information Visualization
- Lecture 1
- Data, Information, Knowledge and Their
Presentations
2Data Information Visualization
- Subject site
- http//staff.it.uts.edu.au/maolin/32146_DIV/
3Data, Information, Knowledge
- Data thing a fundamental, indivisible thing in
databases and data sets. - Can be represented naturally by populations and
labels. - Associations between things.
- If an association can be described by a succinct,
computable rule it is called an explicit
association. - If an association can not be described by a
succinct, computable rule it is called an
implicit association. - An information thing is an implicit association
between the data things. - A knowledge thing is an explicit association
between the data things or information things.
4Data, Information, Knowledge
- Data raw, uninterpreted facts
- Tom, 20 years old, student, turner
- Information relates items of Data
- Tom is 20 years old
- Knowledge relates items of Information
- Tom is 20 years old ? Tom pays gt 1, 500
Insurance - Modeling the world (Generalise)
- 18 - 25 years old ? P (accident) high
5Data mining ? Knowledge discovery
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7Knowledge
Visualization of the output
output
Data Mining Algorithms
IntermediateVisualization
Visualization of the input
input
Data
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13Visualization
Information Visualization
Scientific Visualization
None Graph Visualization
Graph Visualization
Graph G (V, E)
14The Definition of IV
Information visualization the use of
interactive visual representations of abstract,
non-physically based data to amplify cognition
CMS99. CMS99 Stuart K. Card, Jock D.
Mackinlay, and Ben Shneiderman. Readings in
information visualization using vision to think.
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., 1999.
Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)
15Reference Model
Visualization Mapping from data to visual form
DATA
VISUAL FORM
Data
Data Tables
Visual Structures
Views
View Transformations
Data Transformations
Visual Mappings
Human Interaction
16Data Tables
- Relational descriptions of data extended to
include metadata
Analogy to database Variable -gt attribute Case
-gt tuple or record
17Data Tables (2)
- Variable Types
- N Nominal
- Unordered set
- O Ordinal
- Ordered set
- Q Quantitative
- Numeric range
- Metadata
- Structure
18Data Transformations
- Values ? Derived Values
- Structure ? Derived Structure
- Values ? Derived Structure
- Structure ? Derived Values
- Examples?
19Visual Structures
- Data Tables are mapped to Visual Structures
- Expressive, effective
- Perceptionand the human eye
20Why do we need visual structures?
Maps, diagrams, and PERT charts are examples of
using visual representations to see things. A
good picture is worth ten thousand words.
Today, computers help people to see and
understand abstract data through pictures.
21Visual Presentations of data
None-relational data Relational data
An example of using SeeNet to view email data
volumes generated by ATT long distance network
traffic. Edges represent email connections. Weigh
and colors of edges represent volumes of email
data.
The little image dots represent data records of
the number of sun spots, from 1850 to 1993,
zoomed in on a small area. (collected from GVU
Center, Georgia I. T.)
22Visual Structures (2)
- Spatial substrates
- Marks
- Graphical properties
23Spatial Substrate
- Space is the container unto which other parts of
Visual Structure are poured. - Composition
- Alignment
- Folding
- Recursion
- Overloading
24Marks
- Points
- Lines
- Areas
- Volumes
- Graphs and Trees to show relations or links
among objects
25Graph-Driven Visualization of Relational Data
Graph Visualization
An example of graph visualization. This is the
visualization of a family tree (graph). Here each
image node represents a person and the edges
represent relationships among these people in a
large family.
26Retinal Properties
- Type of graphical property
- Position/Size
- Gray Scale
- Orientation
- Color
- Texture
- Shape
27Other Graphical Properties
- Crispness
- Resolution
- Transparency
- Arrangement
- Color value, hue, saturation
- Table 1.22
- Finally, temporal encoding for visual structures
28Attributed Visualization
Visualization of collaborative workspace
29View Transformations
- Interactively modify and augment Visual
Structures - Location Probes
- Viewpoint Controls
- Zoom, pan, clip
- Overview an detail
- Distortions
- To perceive larger Visual Structure via distortion
30Human Interaction and Transformation
- Direct Manipulation
- Controlling Mappings
31Application1Visual Web browser
- WebOFDAV - mapping the entire Web,
- Look at the whole of WWW as one graph a huge and
partially unknown graph. - Maintain and display a subset of this huge graph
incrementally. - Reduce mouse-click rate
- Maintain a 2D map history of navigation
32The lost in hyperspace problem
- Even in this small document, which could be read
in one hour, users experienced the lost in
hyperspace phenomenon as exemplified by the
following user comment I soon realized that if
I did not read something when I stumbled across
it, then I would not be able to find it later.
Of the respondents, 56 agreed fully or partly
with the statement, When reading the report, I
was often confused about where I was. Nielson,
1990.
33Visual Web Browser addresses the problem of lost
in hyperspace with a sense of space.
- Graphic Web Browser addresses the fundamental
problem of lost in hyperspace by displaying a
sequence of logical visual frames with a graphic
history tail to track the users current
location and keep records of his previous
locations in the huge information space. - The logical neighborhood of the focus nodes
indicates the current location of the user, and
the tail of history indicates the path of the
past locations during the navigation.
34Application2File Managementand Site Mapping
An example of using Space-Optimized Tree
Visualization for a small web site mapping
(approximately 80 pages) - viewing techniques
needed
Mapping to a Unix root with approx. 3700
directories and files
35Application3 Web Reverse Engineering
- HWIT (Human Web Interface Tool) is able to reuse
existing structures of web site by visualizing
and modifying the corresponding web graphs, and
then re-generating a new site by save the
modified web graphs.
The layout of an existing structure of a web site
Enhancing the existing Web site by adding a
sub-site
36Application4 B2C e-Commerce
- VOS (Visual Online Shop) can be used for online
grocery shopping, shopping cart model. It is
applicable to any e-commerce shopping application
(dynamically navigate e-catalogs).
37Application5 Online Business Process
Management
- WbIVC (Web-based Interactive Visual Component) is
applied to a research project management system
(RPMS) in universities. - A participant can review the details of a
specific process element by clicking on the
corresponding rectangle, and then selecting the
open a process element in the popup menu. - A participant can also create a new artifact (a
Java methods) to a research project by opening a
edit window.
The output interface of the WbIVC in RPMS
The input interface of the WbIVC in RPMS
38Application6 Program Understandingand Software
Mining
- JavaMiner is for non-linear visual browsing of
huge java code for programming understanding. - textual data mining
- Visualize a variety of relationships between
terms in Java code, e.g. HAS, SUBCLASS, CALL and
INTERFACE relationships. - Text documents, the lexicon, the neighborhood
function
The input interface of the WbIVC in RPMS
39Conclusion
- Reference model approximates the basic steps for
visualizing information - Steps are an ongoing process with many iterations
- Goal of information visualization develop
effective mappings to increase ability to
think/to improve cognition