AGENDA

1
AGENDA

• Auto-biography
• Review Class Information
• Global Ecosystem
• Activity Diagramming the Food Chain
• Matching Quiz Pairs

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Course Information Review

• Where are the learning modules?
• http//members.aol.com/rhaberlin.pg4.htm
• Can I make up pop quizzes?
• Where can I find current documents?
• http//berkeley.peralta.edu/P140
• How often do we have pop quizzes
• How many major exams do we have?

3
Global Ecosystem

• How the Whole World is Connected Together

John Muir When you try to pick out anything by
itself you find it hitched to the rest of the
universe.
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Interconnections

• Breathe Your breath is part of a universal
  rhythm
• Everything in the universe is pulsating
• Every atom is vibrating
• Ocean tides rise and fall
• Daily rhythm of day and night
• At both the smallest and the largest extremes of
  scale in the universe, everything pulsates and
  breathes

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What is a System?

• A system is a group of interrelated,
  interdependent parts that form a complex whole

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Examples of Systems

• the solar system
• a weather system
• a river system
• a transit system
• an ecosystem
• a shower

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What is an Ecosystem?

• An ecosystem is a community of plant and animal
  organisms interacting with each other and with
  the energy and materials in their environment

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Ecosystems
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A Global Ecosystem

• The whole world forms a vast global ecosystem
  consisting of interacting subsystems or spheres

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The Global Ecosystem
Lithosphere
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
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How have humans affected the ecosystems? 
   We have affected ecosystems in almost every
way imaginable!  Every time we walk out in the
wilderness or bulldoze land for a new parking lot
we are drastically altering an ecosystem.  We
have disrupted the food chain, the carbon cycle,
the nitrogen cycle, and the water cycle.  Mining
minerals also takes its toll on an ecosystem.  We
need to do our best to not interfere in these
ecosystems and let nature take its toll.
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Global Ecosystem

• These spheres are dynamically interconnected by
  flows of energy and materials
• Energy from the sun
• Geothermal energy

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How does Solar Radiation affect the Global
Ecosystem?

• Source of energy for all life forms
• Prime mover of weather
• Moves ocean currents
• Driving force for the hydrologic cycle

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Solar Energy Forms An Open System

• Input of solar energy toward the earth
• Output of reflected light and heat to outer space
• What comes in must go out

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What is Geothermal Heat?
Energy
Helium
Lead
Nuclear Fission

• Radioactive decay within the earth releases heat

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How does Geothermal Heat affect the Global
Ecosystem?
Mountain Building
Geysers
Volcanic activity
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Flow of Materials
Open System

• Materials are constantly recycled

Closed System



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Name some examples of material cycles?

• Food Chain
• Carbon Cycle
• Oxygen Cycle
• Nitrogen Cycle
• Hydrologic Cycle

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The Carbon Cycle
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The illustration above shows total amounts of
stored carbon in black, and annual carbon fluxes
in purple. Numbers in billions of tons.
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The Food Chain as an example of a system?

• Energy and nutrients flow through the biosphere
  in a sequence of steps called the food chain

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Primary Producers

• At the base of the food chain are green plants,
  algae, and phytoplankton

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What is Photosynthesis?

• Green plants synthesize carbon dioxide and water
  and convert sunlight to chemical energy
• carbohydrates
• oxygen

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Photosynthesis

• During photosynthesis, plants absorb water,
  carbon dioxide and sunlight to create
  carbohydrates
• (glucose and other sugars)
• to build plant structures.

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Primary Consumers

• Primary consumers (herbivores) eat the plant
  tissue of producers and change energy into a form
  that can be stored in animal cells

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Secondary Consumers

• Secondary consumers (carnivores) eat herbivores

Life lives at the expense of other life,
everything is recycled.
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Flow of Energy and Materials in Primary and
secondary consumers

• Animals release energy, water, and carbon dioxide
  
• How?
• respiration
• muscle movement
• bodily processes

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Decomposers

• Waste matter is released to space as heat by
  decomposers
• Bacteria
• Microorganisms
• Fungi
• Nutrients released by decomposition are
  constantly recycled

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C.
What is the role of each of these in the food
chain?
A.
B.
D.
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Identify the Organisms and Processes

• Place the producers, primary consumers, secondary
  consumers, and decomposers on the diagram.
• Match the statements in the Matching Quiz

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Flow of Energy and Materials in a Food Chain
Heat to Space
Producers Photosynthesis
Primary consumers
Secondary Consumers
Decomposers
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What are Fossil Fuels?

• Carbohydrates may be stored in the form of fossil
  fuels
• Coal
• Oil
• Natural gas

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HOMEWORK

• Review geography and the global ecosystem in the
  study guide
• Read Chap 1 and Chap 16 p.436-448
• Visit the first two Web Modules and answer any
  practice quizzes
• Next Topic Earth-Sun Relationships and The
  Earths Motions