Besides animals: Plant

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Besides animalsPlant bacteria cells
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Prokaryotes

• Prokaryotes Bacteria
• Pro Before Karyon Kernel i.e. a nucleus
• Has DNA, but not wrapped up in a membrane
• Often 1 double stranded DNA looped in a coil
• Short generation time means lots of chances to
  change DNA

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E. Coli for example

• 4 million B.P. 3000 genes
• 100xs more than a virus, 0.001xs that of a
  eukaryote
• Stretched out thats about a mm in length, 500
  times longer than the cell.
• Imagine eating a strand of spaghetti 3000 feet
  long
• Also lots of plasmids floating around
• About 1 or 2 genes on those

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• Double grains of rice on each square on a chess
  board

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• You have more ancestors than the population of
  the world
• Were all a little inbred

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• Cheetahs and limited genetic variation
• All genetically similar
• Seldom reject donor organs
• 12,500 left in the wild
• Leaves little room for chance
• If one is vulnerable to a disease, unlikely to be
  a resistant mutant

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Rapid generations

• E. Coli Binary fission causes them to double
  every 20 minutes
• Go from 1 ? 108 over night
• What does this have to do with me? We lose 2 x
  1010 E. Coli every day, but they grow fast.
• It keeps the sanitary authority busy.
• Harry Readshaw ? chairman of ALCOSAN

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• Binary fission Asexual,
• Offspring are genetically identical to parents
• But combine small chance of mutation with large
  large numbers of offspring and you get a couple
  mutants every day
• Compare to slow-reproducing organisms who dont
  get mutants that often.

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Plant Cells

• Like animals
• Plasma membrane,Nucleus, Ribosomes,ER,Golgi,Mitoch
  ondria,Peroxisomes,microtubules
• Unlike animals
• Plastids
• Chloroplast ? photosynthesis
• Vacuole ? stores chemicals
• Cell Wall ? maintain shape, protection

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Cell Wall component Lignin

• Derived from a.a. phenylalanine
• One of the most abundant biomolecules on Earth
  after
• Cellulose Chitin
• 1/4 the mass of dry wood
• Effective barrier against invaders
• Hydrophobic, plants use it to channel water
• Have to remove it before we get paper
• Burn it to get smoked flavor

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Elodea cells
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Elodea

• Genus of plants the water weeds
• Native to N. America
• Invasive to everywhere else
• Can grow unrooted
• Good aquarium plant
• Good habitat
• Ducks beaver eat it
• Iroquois used as a drug

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• Say that box is 1 mm across
• If 6 elodea cells fit across the box how long is
  1 elodea cell?
• If 14 elodea cells fit up and down the box about
  how wide is an elodea cell?

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You got math in my science!

• Assume the cell is as high as it is wide.
• Now you have the length, width, height of an
  elodea cell.
• Figure out the volume L x W x H

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