Unit II Becoming a World Power

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Unit II- Becoming a World Power

• Chapter 8 Section 3
• The Home Front

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The Home Front

• The Main Idea
• The U.S. mobilized a variety of resources to wage
  World War I.
• Reading Focus
• How did the government mobilize the economy for
  the war effort?
• How did workers mobilize on the home front?
• How did the government try to influence public
  opinion about the war?

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Mobilizing the Economy
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Mobilization of Money

• Military Expenses
• Expenses for army, navy, credit and materials for
  allies ran into billions.
• 23 billion for the U.S. war effort and 10
  billion for war loans to Allies.
• Taxes and Loans and Liberty Bonds

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Government takes control- War Industries Board

• The Overman Act of 1918 helped create the War
  Industries Board- Bernard M. Baruch
• Job-.
• During the war.

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Raising Money, Conservation and Government
Controls- 221 min.
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Daylight Savings, Taxes, and Liberty Bonds 104
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Mobilization

• Army needed to be fed, clothed, equipped and armed

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Regulations to Supply U.S. and Allied Troops
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Government takes control

• Some Private Businesses were taken over.
• Council of Defense

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Mobilizing the Economy

• How did the government mobilize the economy for
  the war effort?
• What was the War Revenue Act of 1917?
• What was the function of the War Industries
  Board?
• Why do you think it was necessary for the
  government to set prices and production controls
  for food and fuel during the war?

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Mobilizing the Economy

• What steps did the Fuel Administration take to
  encourage fuel conservation?
• How did patriotism play a part in the passage of
  the 18th Amendment?

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Mobilizing Workers

• During the war, the profits of many major
  industrial companies skyrocketed.
• This created enormous profits for stockholders
• Factory wages also increased, but the cost of
  food and housing went up.
• War demands also led to laborers working long
  hours in increasingly dangerous conditions.
• labor unions.

Union membership increased by about 60 percent
between 1916 and 1919, and unions boomed as well,
with more than 6,000 strikes held during the war.
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Wartime Workers
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Government takes control- The Labor Force

• United States Employment Service created to fill
  jobs in vital industries.
• A National War Labor Board- created to arbitrate
  labor disputes.- 8 hour workday and government
  support of unions.

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The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 (0238)
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Influenza Spreads

• Three waves of a severe flu epidemic broke out
  between 1918 and 1919 in Europe and in America.
• Of all American troops who died in World War II,
  half died from influenza.
• On the Western Front, crowded and unsanitary
  trenches helped flu spread among troops, then to
  American military camps in Kansas and beyond.
• This strain of influenza was deadly, killing
  healthy people within days, and during the month
  of October 1918, influenza killed nearly 200,000
  Americans.
• Panicked city leaders halted gatherings, and
  people accused the Germans of releasing flu germs
  into the populace.

Scientists have Reconstructed the 1918 influenza
Virus and found it to be a bird flu that was
transmitted directly to humans They analyzed
two People who died in 1918 epidemic..
By the time it passed, over 600,000 Americans
lost their lives.
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Mobilizing Workers

• How did workers mobilize on the home front?
• What were some of the policies set by the
  National War Labor Board?
• What can you infer from the fact that profits of
  many major industrial corporations skyrocketed
  because they sold their products to the federal
  government?
• How did war demands lead to an increase in union
  membership?

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Mobilizing Workers

• How did the influenza epidemic affect American
  life?
• How did the influenza epidemic spread?

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Influencing Public Opinion
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Fear on the Homefront The Espionage and Sedition
Acts (0519)
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WWI The Espionage and Sedition Acts (0343)
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Government takes control- Mobilizing Minds

• Millions opposed to war- German Americans, Irish
  Americans, Socialists, Progressives, Pacifists,
• Committee on Public Information- The Creel
  Committee

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Propaganda and the Creel Committee 151
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Limiting Antiwar Speech
Some Americans Speak Out
Legislation
Opponents
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Opponents Go to the Supreme Court

• Schenck v. United States (1919)

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Influencing Public Opinion

• How did the government try to influence public
  opinion about the war?
• What is propaganda?
• How did anti-German feelings affect American life
  during World War I?