CHAPTER 23: CIRCULATION

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CHAPTER 23 CIRCULATION
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OBJECTIVES

• TRACE THE ROUTES OF BLOOD FLOW IN THE HUMAN
  CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE PULMONARY AND SYSTEMIC
  CIRCUITS
• KNOW THE MAJOR VESSELS INVOLVED
• DESCRIBE THE COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF BLOOD

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MORE OBJECTIVES

• WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO HEART DISEASE?
• HOW CAN EXERCISE AND NUTRITION DECREASE YOUR
  CHANCE OF GETTING HEART DISEASE?

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FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART

• THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART RECEIVES BLOOD FROM
  THE BODY AND PUMPS IT TO THE LUNGS
• BLOOD ENTERING THE LUNGS IS LOW IN OXYGEN
• PULMONARY CIRCUIT
• THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART RECEIVES BLOOD FROM
  THE LUNGS AND PUMPS IT TO THE REST OF THE BODY
• BLOOD EXITING THE LUNGS IS HIGH IN OXYGEN
• SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT

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• THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART RECEIVES BLOOD LOW IN
  OXYGEN AND PUMPS IT TO LUNGS
• THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART RECEIVES HIGHLY
  OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS AND PUMPS IT TO
  THE REST OF THE BODY

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PATH OF THE BLOOD

• PULMONARY CIRCUIT RIGHT PART OF THE HEART
• HEART
• LUNGS
• SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT LEFT PART OF THE HEART
• HEART
• BODY TISSUE
• THEN BACK TO THE HEART

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DIFFERENT VESSELS TRANSPORT BLOOD

• HEART
• ARTERIES
• ARTERIOLES
• CAPILLARIES
• VENULES
• VEINS
• HEART

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• ATRIUMS RECEIVE THE BLOOD
• VENTRICLES PUMP THE BLOOD
• OXYGEN RICH BLOOD LEAVES THE LEFT VENTRICLE
  THROUGH THE AORTA

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ATHRESCLEROSIS

• ARTERIES BECOME BLOCKED
• BUILDUP OF FATS
• CONTRIBUTE TO HEART ATTACKS

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CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD

• FUNCTIONS
• IT CARRIES OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS TO CELLS AND
  SECRETIONS AND WASTES AWAY FROM THEM
• IT HELPS STABILIZE INTERNAL pH
• IT CONTAINS PHAGOCYTIC CELLS THAT FIGHT INFECTION
• IT EQUALIZES BODY TEMPERATURES IN BIRDS AND
  MAMMALS

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COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

• PLASMA
• FLUID PORTION OF BLOOD
• CONTAINS SALTS AND OTHER PROTEINS
• RED BLOOD CELLS
• TRANSPORT OXYGEN
• CONTAIN HEMOGLOBIN, AN IRON-CONTAINING PROTEIN
  THAT BINDS WITH OXYGEN
• DO NOT HAVE NUCLEI LIVE ABOUT 120 DAYS

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COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

• WHITE BLOOD CELLS
• REMOVE DEAD OR WORN-OUT CELLS
• INVOLVED IN DEFENSE AND IMMUNITY
• DERIVED FROM STEM CELLS IN THE BONE MARROW
• DIFFERENT TYPES
• NEUTROPHILS, MONOCYTES, EOSINOPHILS, BASOPHILS
  AND LYMPHOCYTES (T AND B CELLS)

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COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

• PLATELETS
• FUNCTION IN BLOOD CLOTTING