PARTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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PARTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
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MACROPHAGES
The macrophages are large immune cells that
devourer or attempt to kill every foreign
substance that enters the body. The macrophages
do the first job. They start acting to rid the
body of the virus, but many times is not strong
enough to rid the virus itself. Then many other
parts of the system take over.
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HELPER T CELLS
The Helper T cells are a set within a set of
T-Cells that identifies the virus entering the
body. If it is a virus that has previously
entered the body, after it is recognized it is
quickly fought off. However, if it is a virus
invading the body for the first time it is
identified by the Helper T-Cells and then other
parts of the system take over.
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B CELLS
Are found throughout the body and in the
Lymphnodes (where they make antibodies). They
are called by the Helper-T cells once theyve
identified the invader.
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LYMPH NODES
Lymph nodes are small bean-like organs of the
immune system that are spread widely throughout
the body and is linked by lymphatic vessels.
Lymph nodes are defenders of B and T cells as
well as other immune cells that are found in your
body. The lymph nodes are like a factory where
the B cells develop and grow. This is where the B
cells make antibodies.
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ANTIBODIES
What are antibodies? Antibodies are a dissolving
substance (a protein molecule) that are produced
and separated by B cells in response to the
antigen, which is capable of sticking or
binding to that antigen.
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THYMUS GLAND
Another important part of the immune system is
the thymus gland. The thymus gland is a crucial
lymphoid organ. It is located in the upper chest.
This is where the T cells multiply and grow. The
Thymus gland is where the T cells learns what to
do and how to act as well.
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KILLER T CELLS
Killer T cells are cells that are taught in the
thymus gland. There they learn to kill the virus
that has entered the body. The killer T cells are
the last ones to demolish the virus.
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SURPRESSOR T CELLS
Yet another crucial part of the immune system are
the suppressor T cells. They are a set within a
set that turns off your antibody production. This
means that once your body is healthy all of the
cells that fight disease take a brake until
another virus enters your body and needs to be
fought off.
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MEMORY T CELLS
Also, memory T cells are cells created during the
initial infection of the virus. They stay behind
and become memory cells. Their job is to stay
alert for future viruses. If the same virus tries
to invade your body a second time a huge attack
is made by the memory cells and the invader is
quickly crushed. The body is now immune to that
virus.
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ANTIGENS
The last and also very important part of the
system is antigens. Antigens are any substance
that when it is introduced to the body, is
recognized by the immune system. They are the
codes on the invader, which are unique to that
germ.
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PICTURES
This is a picture of the process a b cell goes
through.
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PICTURES
This is a picture of the growth of a T cell.
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PICTURES
This is a picture of the immune system dealing
with the lymphocytes.
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Viruses

• Viruses are parasites they cant reproduce
  themselves,but they can reproduce if they take
  over cells
• The body cells die after the virus has taken it
  over.

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Viruses(Continued)

• Ebola- An extremely contagious virus causing a
  highly fatal fever and is spread through the
  contact of bodily fluids.
• Chicken Pox- Contagious disease mostly affecting
  children.
• Rabies- An infectious and often fatal viral
  disease of most warm blooded animals especially
  wolves, dogs and cats

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Bacteria

• Bacteria help our bodies with digestion.
• 99 of bacteria are good for you

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Vaccines

• What are Vaccines? How are they made?Who makes
  Them? How do they work?How do they prevent from
  catching a virus?

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What are vaccines

• Vaccines are injections that are used to protect
  you from catching different kinds of illness.

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How are Vaccines made,Who makes them

• Each vaccine is made a different way. The flu
  vaccine is made in a chicken egg. Scientist first
  grow a germ and then they make it a vaccine and
  inject it into humans

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How do vaccines work

• Vaccines work by getting an injection of the weak
  form of the disease into your body. The body
  makes antibodies to fight off the invaders. If
  the actual disease did attack the body the
  antibodies would be there to destroy it. There
  are two type of immunization. Vaccines and serum.
  Vaccines put the diseases in your body and serum
  puts antibodies in your body.

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Assignment 2

• How the Immune system reacts to an invader

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Barriers

• The skin tries to block the invader for ever
  entering the body.

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Lymphnodes

• The B-cells and the T cells wait for a signal
• the monocytes migrate to the tissue and become
  macrophages .
• The Lymphnodes are the battle areas

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Macrophages

• The macrophages place antigens on the MHC(major
  histocompatibility complex) that float throughout
  the body telling the helper T-cells that the body
  is under attack. B-cells also can place antigens
  on MHC.(antigens trigger immune response)
• after this the Macrophages and helper T-cells
  reproduce and go to WAR!!!

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T-cells

• The T cells identify the intruder
• also the T-cells command the other cells to take
  action(phagocytes,B-cells,and killer T-cells)and
  fight.