Title: Maternal Smoking and Alcohol Use During Pregnancy in California, 19992004
1Maternal Smoking and Alcohol Use During Pregnancy
in California, 1999-2004
- Amy Godecker, PhD
- Kristen S. Marchi, MPH
- University of California, San Francisco
- Eugene R. Takahashi, PhD
- Shabbir Ahmad, DVM MS PhD
- Epidemiology and Evaluation Section
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health/Office of
Family Planning Branch - California Department of Health Services
- December 8, 2005
2Adverse Outcomes Alcohol Use During Pregnancy
- No known safe level of alcohol use
- ACOG AAP recommend NO alcohol use at all
- Problems in each trimesterno safe period
- Increased risk of
- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders/FAS
- Alcohol-related birth defects
- Cardiac, skeletal, renal, ocular, auditory
- Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder
- Small for gestational age
See AAP Committee on Substance Abuse Committee
on Children with Disabilities. (2000).
3Adverse Outcomes Smoking During Pregnancy
- Increased risk of
- Placental complications
- Small for gestational age
- Preterm birth
- Fetal death, stillbirth, neonatal mortality
- Cleft lip/palate
- SIDS
- Respiratory illness
- Dose response for many outcomes
See Cnattinguius S. (2004) Ashmead GG. (2003)
Cornelius MD, Day NL. (2000).
4Healthy People 2010
- Alcohol
- Goal 94 of pregnant women did not drink in
past month - Tobacco
- Goal 99 of pregnant women did not smoke in past
month - California measures 1st 3rd trimester use
5Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA)
1999-2004
- Representative of California women who had a live
birth - Survey conducted in English Spanish
- Mail survey with telephone follow-up for
non-respondents - Completed 2-7 months postpartum
- Annual response rates 70-74
- Total N 21,269 (3,500 per year)
6Ethnicity Place of Birth of Delivering Mothers,
MIHA 1999-2004
7Selected Characteristics of Recent Mothers,MIHA
1999-2004
8Alcohol Use During Pregnancy, California,
1999-2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
9Alcohol Use During Pregnancy, California,
1999-2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
10Alcohol Use During Pregnancy, California,
1999-2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
11Alcohol Use During Pregnancy, California,
1999-2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
12Average Number of Drinks Per Week, 1st 3rd
Trimesters, California, 1999 2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
13Alcohol Use During Pregnancy, by Race/Ethnicity,
California, 2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
14Alcohol Use During Pregnancy, by Family Income,
California, 2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
15Alcohol Use During Pregnancy, by Mothers Age,
California, 2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
16Smoking During Pregnancy, California, 1999-2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
17Smoking During Pregnancy, California, 1999-2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
18Smoking During Pregnancy, California, 1999-2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
19Average Number of Cigarettes Per Day, 1st 3rd
Trimesters, California, 1999 2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
20Smoking During Pregnancy, by Race/Ethnicity,
California, 2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
21Smoking During Pregnancy, by Family Income,
California, 2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
22Smoking During Pregnancy, by Mothers Age,
California, 2004
Data Source Maternal and Infant Health
Assessment, California Department of Health
Services, Maternal, Child and Adolescent
Health/Office of Family Planning Branch,
1999-2004.
23Risk of Smoking for Drinkers Relative to
Non-Drinkers, 1st 3rd Trimesters, California,
2004
Estimate based on small number of cases. Data
Source Maternal and Infant Health Assessment,
California Department of Health Services,
Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health/Office of
Family Planning Branch, 1999-2004.
24Summary
- Alcohol use 1st trimester modest decline
1999-2004 - Smoking 1st 3rd trimester declines 1999-2004
- Smoking higher among White African-American
women, low-income younger women - Likelihood of smoking increases with heavier
alcohol use