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Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas

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NaCl = sodium chloride. MgBr2 = magnesium bromide. Write the names of the following: ... Write the formula for Calcium Chloride. Calcium is Ca 2. Chloride is Cl-1 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas


1
Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas
2
Chemical Formulas
  • Shows the kind and number of atoms in the
    smallest piece of a substance.
  • Molecular Formula number and kinds of atoms in
    a molecule Ex CO2

3
Formula Unit
  • The smallest whole number ratio of atoms in an
    ionic compound.

4
Systemic Naming
  • A compound is made of 2 or more elements.
  • There are too many compounds to remember the
    names of them all.
  • The name should tell us how many and what type of
    atoms.

5
Anion
  • A negative ion
  • Has gained electrons
  • Nonmetals
  • Charge is written as a superscript on the right
  • F-1 Has gained one electron
  • O-2 Has gained two electrons

6
Cations
  • Positive ions
  • Formed by losing electrons so it now has more
    protons than electrons
  • Metals
  • K1 Has lost one electron
  • Ca2 Has lost two electrons

7
Charges on ions
  • You can tell the charge of the ion by its
    location on the periodic table.
  • Elements in the same group have the same charge
    when they are ions.

8
1
2
3
-3
-2
-1
9
Naming ions
  • Done systematically
  • Cation if the charge is always the same, just
    write the name of the metal.
  • Transition metals can have more than one type of
    charge so we indicate the charge with roman
    numerals in parenthesis

10
Name these
  • Na 1
  • Ca 2
  • Al 3
  • Fe 3
  • Fe 2
  • Pb 2
  • Li 1

11
Write Formulas for These
  • Potassium ion
  • Magnesium ion
  • Copper (II) ion
  • Chromium (VI) ion
  • Barium ion
  • Mercury (II) ion

12
Naming Anions
  • When naming anions, always change the ending to
    - ide
  • Example
  • F-1 Fluorine changes to Fluoride

13
Name these
  • Cl -1
  • N -3
  • Br -1
  • O -2

14
Write these
  • Sulfide ion
  • Iodide ion
  • Phosphide ion

15
Ions in Ionic Compounds
16
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
  • Binary compounds contain 2 elements
  • Ionic contains a cation and an anion
  • To write the names just name the two ions

17
  • The compound must be neutral (have the same
    number of and negative charges)
  • Examples
  • NaCl sodium chloride
  • MgBr2 magnesium bromide

18
Write the names of the following
  • KCl
  • Na3N

19
Writing Formulas
  • The charges have to add up to zero

20
Write the formula for Calcium Chloride
  • Calcium is Ca2
  • Chloride is Cl-1
  • Ca2Cl-1 would have a 1 charge
  • Need another Cl-1
  • CaCl2

21
Write the formulas for these
  • Lithium sulfide
  • Magnesium fluoride
  • Sodium chloride

22
Molecular Compounds
  • Writing names and formulas

23
Molecular Compounds
  • Made of just nonmetals
  • Smallest piece is a molecule
  • Since there are no opposite charges, you cant
    use charges to figure out how many of each atom

24
Easier
  • With ionic compounds you have to use the charges
    to figure out how many of each element.
  • With molecular compounds, the name tells you the
    number of atoms by using prefixes

25
Prefixes
  • 1 mono-
  • 2 di-
  • 3 tri-
  • 4 tetra-
  • 5 penta-
  • 6 hexa-

26
  • 7 hepta-
  • 8 octa-
  • 9 nona-
  • 10 deca-

27
  • To write the name, write two words
  • Prefix, name, prefix, name, -ide
  • One exception is we dont write mono- if there is
    only one of the first element

28
Another rule
  • There are no double vowels when writing names (oa
    oo)

29
Name these
  • N2O
  • NO2
  • Cl2O7
  • CBr7
  • CO2
  • BaCl2

30
Write formulas for these
  • diphosphorus pentoxide
  • tetraiodide nonoxide
  • sulfur hexafluoride
  • nitrogen trioxide
  • carbon tetrahydride
  • phosphorus trifluoride
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