ANSI standard pizza an'see stan'drd peet'z

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ANSI standard pizza /an'see stan'drd peet'z/
CMU Pepperoni and mushroom pizza. Coined
allegedly because most pizzas ordered by CMU
hackers during some period leading up to mid-1990
were of that flavor. See also rotary debugger
compare ISO standard cup of tea.
-- Jargon File 4.2.2
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An Overview of EdSoft Architectures

• Leo C. Ureel II
• lcureel_at_mtu.edu
• Computer Science Department
• Michigan Technological University

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Why am I here?

• Inform you of the types of architectures being
  developed in industry.
• Give ideas for your projects.
• Answer questions you might have about educational
  software development.
• Caution you to use the KISS development method.

Purpose
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Overview

• Architectures
• Architectures Systems
• Drill and Question Lemonade Stand
• Free Exploration (ASK) Ask NW Water
• Simulation SimCity
• Active Illustrations EvapLab
• Goal-Based Scenarios Yello
• ADVISE First Things First
• Articulate Virtual Laboratories CyclePad, FAVL

Overview
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Drill and Questions

• A traditional Computer Aided Instruction (CAI)
  architecture.
• Alternately drills students with facts then
  tests with questions.
• Slightly better than a quiz program that only
  asks questions.
• Emphasis placed on memorizing facts.
• Often supplements (or supplemented by) external
  activities.
• Quick and Easy to develop. (KISS KISS)

Architectures
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Lemonade Stand

• The Lemonade Stand program was developed at MTU.
  It can be found online at
• http//www.cs.mtu.edu/sweany/EdSoft/LemonadeStand
  /TheProgram/program.html

Students are given 14 virtual days to maximize
profits at a lemonade stand.
Systems
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Lemonade Stand
When students answer incorrectly, they are told
the correct answer. But not the reasoning behind
the correct answer.
Systems
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Lemonade Stand
Students are rewarded or punished based on their
answers.
Systems
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Lemonade Stand
Students are graded based on overall performance.
Systems
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Lemonade Stand
An external tutorial is provided to help students
acquire the skills being tested by the Lemonade
Stand program.
Systems
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Free-Exploration (focus on ASK systems)

• ASK systems are a form of the Free-Exploration
  architecture.
• Traditional ASK architectures capitalize on the
  fact that human knowledge is often conveyed in
  stories or anecdotes.
• ASK systems contain and provide access to a human
  knowledge base of stories and ideas usually in
  the form of expert video clips.
• The two principal artifacts of an Ask system
  (which enable students to acquire the information
  they need when it is most needed) are
• Zoomers - allow the student to quickly identify
  and access a category or topic area of interest.
• Browsers - allow the student to freely absorb
  hyperlinked information within a topic area.
• Emphasis placed on learning from others (experts).

Architectures
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ASK North West Water
Developed to run on a public kiosk, this program
was designed to educate the public and answer
customer questions about a public water utility.
Systems
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ASK North West Water
An initial set of questions are provided for the
user to ask. It is important that these be
question the user would naturally ask.
Systems
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ASK North West Water
Once a question has been selected, the user dives
into the ASK system where they can watch an
answer to the question or explore hyper-linked
related material.
Systems
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ASK North West Water
The answer to a question may prompt more
questions from the user. By following the
questions, users eventually explore much of the
knowledgebase.
Systems
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Simulations

• Students learn by tweaking the inputs of the
  simulation.
• Often presented as games
• students play toward specific end states in the
  simulation.
• Students do not need to know or learn anything to
  play.

Architectures
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SimCity
SimCity is a simulation of city growth and
maintenance. One version of the game offers
several scenarios to choose from. Each scenario
describes an initial and goal state for the
simulation. The student must then guide the
simulation to the goal.
Systems
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SimCity
Simulations often provide richly detailed
environments for the student to work in.
Systems
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Active Illustrations

• The power of traditional media illustrations with
  interactivity.
• Active Illustrations consist of
• Virtual artifact or system modeling reality
• Knowledgeable guide
• Interactive scaffolding to support student
  explorations.

Architectures
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EvapLab Internet Client Server Architecture
Moo
Simulation Engine
Domain Coach
Student
Student
Student
Systems
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EvapLab
Student begins by setting up different cups of
water. The cups can vary in material
composition, width, and quantity of water.
The student places these cups in controlled
environments varying temperature, humidity, and
air pressure.
Systems
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EvapLab
Student are encouraged to hypothesize about
physical processes and relationships.
Student can analyze results in graphs.
Systems
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EvapLab
Students can ask questions about physical
processes, virtual artifacts, and simulation
results.
Systems
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Goal-Based Scenarios

• Underlying Philosophies
• Students learn by doing when working toward a
  goal.
• Memorizing facts is not a sound pedagogical goal.
• Emphasis placed on developing Critical Thinking
  Skills.
• Utilizes failure-driven learning.
• Places students in roles that utilize the skills
  being taught.
• Student must evaluate several plans to solve
  problems.

Architectures
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Goal-Based Scenarios
Yello is a human resources training program
developed to teach Ameritech employees how to
manage Yellow Pages advertising accounts. To
teach the management skills, the student is
placed in the role of an account executive and
must make decisions and use skills just like the
real thing.
Systems
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Goal-Based Scenarios
A GBS provides specific goals for the student to
work toward.
Systems
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Goal-Based Scenarios
The GBS provides a Guidance Monitor to provide
help when the student needs it. The GBS provides
mechanisms for the student to role-play.
Systems
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ADVISE

• Traditional ADVISE architectures make use of
• Case-Based Reasoning
• Goal-Based Scenarios
• Evidence-Based Reporting
• Failure-Driven Learning
• Places students in the role of advisor to a
  decision-maker
• Student must evaluate several plans to solve
  problems
• Emphasis placed on developing Critical Thinking
  Skills

Architectures
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First Things First Info

• First Things First implements the ADVISE and ASK
  architectures.
• Modifies these architectures to change over time
  based on student responses to a series of
  decisions or dilemmas.

Systems
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First Things First
Student takes role of advisor to a young
professional who is facing the challenge of
balancing career and personal goals.
Student must provide reasonable support for
his/her decisions.
Student selects advice strategy.
Background on challenges facing advisee are
presented.
Systems
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First Things First
Student can ask for advice from real-life
experts. The expert information is relayed in
story form.
Student can ask for more background information
about the person s/he is advising and the current
dilemma.
Systems
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First Things First
Periodically the student is asked to perform self
evaluations.
At the end of each virtual week, the student is
asked to prioritize the advisees goals.
Systems
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Articulate Virtual Laboratories

• An environment for engaging students in
  conceptual design tasks.
• Articulate Virtual Laboratories are
• Fluent - An AVL should exhibit an intrinsic
  understanding of the subject domain and be able
  to communicate to students both results and
  reasoning processes in human terms.
• Supportive - An AVL should scaffold student
  learning taking care of mundane and
  unenlightening tasks while engaging in tutorial
  conversations.
• Generative - An AVL should be able to reason
  within the knowledge domain in order to find
  solutions to new problems and questions designed
  by both students and instructors.
• Customizable - An AVL should be easy to maintain
  and simple to grow.
• Articulate Virtual Laboratories consist of
• Conceptual CAD System - Tools needed to create
  and analyze a design.
• Analysis Coach - Helps students analyze their
  design, providing advice when they are stuck.
• Design Compiler - Manufactures a simulated
  prototype of the students design.
• Test Environment - Provides setting for
  evaluation of a students design.
• Design Coach - helps students evaluate their
  designs and makes suggestions for improvement.

Architectures
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CyclePad Info

• CyclePad is an Articulate Virtual Laboratory.
• CyclePad is in use at universities around the
  world, including
• Northwestern University
• University of Arkansas
• Oxford University
• U.S. Naval Academy

Systems
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Integrated CyclePad Environment
Systems
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CyclePad
CyclePad enables students to build thermodynamic
cycles.
Systems
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CyclePad
CyclePad enables students to analyze and improve
upon their thermodynamic cycles.
Systems
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CyclePad
CyclePads coaching facilities provide the
student with explanations of simulation results.
Phase GAS
Q Why is the working fluid at S2 a gas? A
The working fluid at S2 is a gas holds
because T(S2) T-sat(S2)
Systems
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CyclePad
CyclePads analytic design coach can help the
student complete a design when the student is
stuck.
Systems
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FAVL Feedback Articulate Virtual Laboratory

• FAVL is an Articulate Virtual Laboratory.
• FAVL is being developed to teach middle and high
  school students.

Systems
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FAVL Feedback Articulate Virtual Laboratory
Systems
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FAVL Feedback Articulate Virtual Laboratory
The student obtains background information a
virtual design notebook.
In the notebook, the student also makes plans and
stores results.
Systems
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FAVL Feedback Articulate Virtual Laboratory
FAVL enables the student to build and analyze
feedback loops.
Systems
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Parting Thoughts

• Keep it simple.
• Strive to use pedagogically sound techniques.
• Immerse the student as much as possible.
• Give the student freedom to explore with
  guidance.
• Use scalable technology.
• Start small.