Quality of Service

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• Quality of Service
• in IN-home digital networks
• Alina Albu
• 22 July 2003

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Activities

• General theory about networks
• Projects in Philips Research
• QoS RM
• V-QoS
• QoSIH
• KISS
• Conference papers on QoS

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Contents

• Context Ambient Intelligence
• QoS Directions of research (Philips)
• V-QoS (QoS RM, SVA)
• QoSIH
• KISS
• Conference papers on QoS
• Project plan

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Ambient Intelligence

• concept of ubiquitous computing - main pillars of
  AI implies that a user can have access to any
  source of information anywhere, anytime.
• To realize this concept envision a huge
  distributed network, consisting of thousands of
  interconnected embedded systems. The applications
  provided lean heavily on media processing and
  streaming data, which are handled by system nodes
  and networks respectively they will be
  resource constrained.
• Typically, the resource needs of the applications
  change over time. To adapt to these resource
  variations, applications have the ability to
  trade resource usage for quality.

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QoS Directions of Research (Philips)

• Quality of Service (QoS) based resource
  management enables tradeoffs on resource
  constrained systems.
• V-QoS - QoS in the consumer terminal (CT)
• QoS RM
• SVA
• QoSIH QoS in the network
• KISS - research on network and CT
  QoS combination
• - Studies how they influence each other

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V-QoS - Context

• Consumer terminals (CT) evolve from
  straightforward terminals of a video broadcast
  network (TV sets) and a communication network
  (telephone) to interactive multimedia terminals
  and to elements in an in-home network, ambient
  intelligence environment.
• The basic media in CT are high-quality audio and
  video.
• If the basic media processing functions are
  scalable, other media processing functions can be
  added at little or no extra cost.

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V-QoS

• QoS in CT (Consumer Terminals)
• .. is about trading resources for the quality of
  the outputs, by scaling the media functions that
  produce these outputs.
• Software functions can be designed to provide
  different levels of quality, matching the
  available resources to the actual requirements.

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V-QoS

• SVA (Scalable Video Algorithms)
• Provide functionality at different visual output
  quality levels with different resource
  requirements.
• Their output quality levels and resource
  requirements can be changed during run-time.

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V-QoS

• QoS RM
• Provides framework for QoS-based resource
  management
• Enables multiple SVAs to run in parallel in a
  cost- effective way. How ? -

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VQoS

• How ?
• ...by allocating resource budgets to
  applications.
• How?
• by defining Resource Consuming Entities (RCE) as
  active components within an application, to which
  limited resource budgets are allocated, and that
  are able to run with acceptable results on this
  limited resource budget.

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V-QoS

• Each RCE a collection of SVAs
• allocating budgets to RCE implies allocating
  budgets for the SVAs that compose the RCE.
• Each SVA can provide a number of quality levels
• the quality level of the RCE that contains the
  SVAs, is a combination of the current quality
  levels of each of its SVAs.

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V-QoS

• Application running in a particular mode
• RCE modes
• A particular combination of SVAs each
  providing a number of quality levels.

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V-QoS
RCE controller
Decoder- ql 2, Nat. motion - ql 3
QL1
Decoder- ql 2, Nat. motion - ql 2
QL2
Decoder- ql 2, Nat. motion - ql 1
QL3
Decoder- ql 2, Nat. motion - ql Off
QL4
Decoder- ql 1, Nat. motion - ql 3
QL5
Decoder- ql 1, Nat. motion - ql 2
QL6


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V-QoS
Video Application
Mode 1 (higher quality)
Mode 2 (lower quality)
RCE 2
Down scaling
Simple decoding
Sharp. enh.
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QoSIH

• QoS in the context of networks
• The ability of a network to assure that its
  traffic and its service requirements can be
  satisfied end to end.
• The types of information handled ranges between
• Real-time traffic (audio, video) - can tolerate
  some loss, but no delay
• Non real-time traffic (computer data) can
  tolerate some delay but not loss

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QoSIH

• Project Aim
• To increase the number of applications that
  can run with satisfactory results for the user on
  an in-home wireless and wired digital network

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QoSIH

• Project description
• The project addresses the area of network
  management for A/V with adjustable quality in the
  home.
• It is required that the network transports as
  many streams over the network as it is acceptable
  for the end-user.
• The number of streams can be increased by
  reducing the quality of the stream.
• The project concentrates on bandwidth management
  decisions.

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QoSIH

• Project relevance
• - Philips products with the proposed project
  will significantly reduce bandwidth requirements.
  
• - A user can enjoy more quality A/V applications
  on his/her network than without the proposed
  result.

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QoSIH

• QoSIH Demonstrator(1)
• Based on an n-layered MPEG2 scalable video stream
  (an encoder produces all n layers)
• The results of the encoding can be stored on disk
  for a later retrieval.
• The retrieved layers are sent in packets over the
  network (a packet contains data from one layer
  only).
• At the destination the packets of the n layers
  are recombined to produce standard MPEG2 stream.

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QoSIH

• QoSIH Demonstrator (2)
• Requirements
• Parameter settings of encoder
• Create network packets of generated code
• Send packets of n layers over n RTP connections
• Feed the packets in the right order to the
  re-combiner
• Connect the recombined MPEG2 stream to a decoder
  and display
• Create a user interface to manipulate the
  demonstrator

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KISS

• Project aim
• Gain insight in the balance between network QoS
  and terminal resource management
• Develop generic methods,techniques and guidelines
  for integration of heterogeneous software stacks,
  to make integration easier and less time
  consuming.

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KISS

• KISS Demonstrator
• Need learning vehicle to come up with fast and
  simple integration strategies while ensuring
  streaming performance in embedded distributed
  systems.
• a first step towards a combined solution for
  network QoS and terminal resource management will
  result as well.
• Demonstrator based on existing solution WWICE 2
  system

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KISS

• WWICE (Window to the World of Information,
  Communication and Entertainment)
• provides a complete and coherent system
  environment for the home.
• Provides an architecture for distributed digital
  audio/video systems supporting multimedia
  applications

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KISS - WWICE architecture
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KISS

• KISS Demonstrator set-up

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KISS - Demonstrator Architecture
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Project Plan
Presentation 25 Nov.
Orientation
More directed research-MRM/ Define subject
0
2 mth.
1
2
3
4
4 mth.
6 mth.
year
Thesis main work
Writing/reformulate publications/thesis
Subject defined