Welcome to Mapping

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Welcome to Mapping

• Tom Sellsted City of Yakima, Washington
• Vladimir Strinski Hitech Systems

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Objectives

• What is GIS?
• Why do we use GIS?
• Terminology
• Creating your own layers
• MapInfo / ESRI specific tools

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What is GIS?
Geography is information about the earth's
surface and the objects found on it, as well as a
framework for organizing knowledge. GIS is a
technology that manages, analyzes, and
disseminates geographic knowledge.
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Three Views of a GIS- A Database View

• A GIS is a unique kind of database of the world a
  geographic database (geodatabase). It is an
  "Information System for Geography."
  Fundamentally, a GIS is based on a structured
  database that describes the world in geographic
  terms.

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Three Views of a GIS- A Map View

• A GIS is a set of intelligent maps and other
  views that show features and feature
  relationships on the earth's surface. Maps of the
  underlying geographic information can be
  constructed and used as "windows into the
  database" to support queries, analysis, and
  editing of the information. This is called
  geovisualization.

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Three Views of GIS- A Model View

• A GIS is a set of information transformation
  tools that derive new geographic datasets from
  existing datasets. These geoprocessing functions
  take information from existing datasets, apply
  analytic functions, and write results into new
  derived datasets

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Geographic Information Systems

• A method to visualize, manipulate, analyze and
  display spatial data
• Smart Maps that link databases to a map
• How many, what kinds, where are they?
• Combine data from many different sources
• 80 of all data has some spatial component

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Database Not Easy to Interpret
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Visualization Worth a Thousand Words
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Two Ways to Input and Visualize Data

• Raster Grid
• pixels
• A location and value
• Satellite image and aerial photos are in this
  format

• Vector Linear
• Points, Lines Polygons
• Features (house,lake, etc)
• Attributes
• size, type, length, etc.

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Welcome to Mapping

• Terminology

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Types of Features

• Vector Features
• Points
• Lines
• Polygons
• Raster Features
• Elevation Models
• Imagery

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Point Features
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Line Features
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Polygon Features
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Raster Features
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Composite Layers
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Layer Table
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Layer Table Geometry
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Layer Table Geometry
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Map Projection

• What is projection?
• Why do we need it?
• On the fly projection

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What is Map Projection?

• A projection is a mathematical means of
  transferring information from the Earth's
  three-dimensional, curved surface to a
  two-dimensional mediumpaper or a computer screen.

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Why use Map Projection?

• Map layers come from different sources

An elevation image classified from a satellite
image of Minnesota exists in a different scale
and projection than the lines on the digital file
of the State and Providence boundaries.
The elevation image has been reprojected to match
the projection and scale of the State and
Providence boundaries.
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On the Fly Projection

• Reprojects features automatically
• Imagery wont reproject on the fly
• Great for AVL applications

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Creating a Sample Map

• Using ESRI Products

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Starting ArcMap
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Setting Layers/Data Frame Properties
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Set appropriate projection
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Adding Layers
Add Data
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Adding Layers Dialog
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Display photos
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Add Streets
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Configure Streets
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Display Streets
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With other Layers added
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Create Map Layout
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Show Map Layout
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Add Map Elements
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Complex Composition
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For More Information

• Tom E Sellsted
• City of Yakima, Washington
• tsellste_at_ci.yakima.wa.us
• http//www.ci.yakima.wa.us/gis

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Sources of Data

• All departments contribute
• One central repository
• Ease of sharing
• Ease of maintenance
• Other agencies
• Vendors