The World of Earth Science

1
The World of Earth Science

• Or, How The Earth Works
• Chapter 1
• Branches of Earth Science
• Scientific methods in Earth Science
• Scientific Method
• Measurement and Safety

2
Branches of Earth Science

• Geology
• Solid Earth Much Larger than Other Parts
• Many More Kinds of Materials
• Preserves a History
• Meteorology Climatology
• Oceanography
• Astronomy
• Planetary Geology

3
geology

• Geology is the study of the origin, history, and
  structure of the Earth and the processes that
  shape the Earth
• Geo- Earth
• -ology study of
• -ologist scientist who studies
• Volcanologist geologist who studies volcanoes
• Paleontologist geologist who studies fossils
• Seismologist geologist who studies earthquakes

4
oceanography

• Oceanography is the scientific study of the sea
• Oceans, currents, tides, and waves.
• Why study oceanography- Travel, trade, storms,
  ocean life

5
Meteorology

• Meteorology is the scientific study of the
  Earths atmosphere, especially in relation to
  weather and climate.
• Hurricanes
• Tornadoes

6
astronomy

• Astronomy is the study of the universe
• Stars, asteroids, planets, and everything else in
  space

7
Earth Scienceis four sciences rolled into one!

• Like a burrito is a bunch of different stuff
  rolled up into one!

8
In addition to the 4 main branches of Earth
Science, there are branches that depend on other
areas of science.

• Environmental science- how humans interact with
  their environment
• Ecology- study of organisms and their non-living
  environment
• Geochemist- study of geology and chemistry

9
What is the Scientific Method?

• A step-by-step process scientists use to answer
  questions and solve problems.
• In other words, its a way to solve a problem.

10
Scientific method is the steps to answera
question
11
Questionwhat does the scientist what to learn
about?

• Based on observations, develop a question that
  you want to answer to.
• Why is the sky blue?
• How many mms in a 1 pound bag?
• Why do cats purr?
• Why does buttered bread always land butter side
  down?

12
Researchgathering information

• No sense redoing work that has already been done.
• Pick up a book, cruise the internet, ask a
  question.. See if you can find the answer.

13
Hypothesisan educated guess of an answer to
the question

• Not really a guess because you have already done
  significant research into the question and are
  able to write an educated explanation or an
  observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem
  that can be tested by further investigation
• Write up the hypothesis by stating it in the
  following manner 'I believe that' or 'It is my
  opinion that'.
• "If _____I do this _____, then _____this_____
  will happen.
• "You must state your hypothesis in a way that you
  can easily measure, and of course, your
  hypothesis should be constructed in a way to help
  you answer your original question.

14
Experiment (procedure/materials)written and
carefully followed step-by-step experiment
designed to test the hypothesis

• Much like a recipe, you need to
• list all of the things you need to do the
  experiment
• make a step-by-step list of what you will do to
  answer your question.
• Must be very specific in your writing and
  description because someone who has never seen
  the experiment must be able to read your writing
  and copy exactly what you have done.

15
Data / Resultsinformation collected during the
experiment

• Table, chart, drawings, raw data
• This is a written list of all observations like
  daily measurements, increase in temperature,
  results, yes/no, present/absent, etc.
• Keep all of the data!
• Make sure to clearly label all tables and graphs.
  And, include the units of measurement (volts, cm,
  grams, etc.).?

16
Conclusionwas the hypothesis correct or incorrect

• summarize your results and use it to support the
  findings
• Do your results support your hypothesis?
• If not, change your hypothesis and repeat the
  experiment

17
Observation/ Analysiswritten description of what
was noticed during the experiment

• Record all controls, variables, and data.
• Observations are made by using all the senses as
  well as by using scientific instruments.

18
Scientific Models

• Three types of models
• Physical models
• model you can touch
• look like the real thing
• Model of solar system
• Mathematical models
• Equations and data
• Predict population growth
• Climate prediction
• Conceptual models
• Ideas and theories
• Big bang theory
• The right model must be chosen in order for the
  scientist to be able to learn from it..

19
Measurement

• Metric system
• International System of Units (SI)
• Based on the number 10
• Length use meter
• Volume use liter
• Mass use gram
• Temperature use Celsius
• Density Mass/volume
• Standard prefixes and suffixes