Generating Genetics

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Generating Genetics

• By The 5th grade TAG
  students
• Paige H.
• Arik H.
• Alyssa D.
• Matt K.
• Hunter H.
• Haley D.

Cover page designed by Hunter H.
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B is for Cells

• Why?

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B is for Cells

• A cell is the basic unit of a living thing.
  Cells carry the DNA of all living organisms. Most
  cells are so small that only a microscope can see
  them. Some living things are made up of only one
  cell, like bacteria or amoebas. Amoebas live at
  the bottom of ponds deep in the mud.

amoeba
Alyssa
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C is for Probability

• Why?

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C is for Probability . . .

• In the science of genetics, probability is the
  chance of getting certain traits from your
  parents.

Matt
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D is for Punnett Square
Why?...
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D is for Punnett Square

• A Punnett Square is a diagram that predicts all
  of the possible gene combinations from two
  parents.

In this diagram the yellow peppers are dominant
and the green peppers are recessive. Dominant
means that the yellow pepper has stronger traits
than the green pepper.
Paige
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E is for Clone
Why?
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E is for Clone

• A clone is an exact genetic copy of a living
  thing. People have been cloning plants for over
  1000 years. In 1997, a small sheep named Dolly
  was the first living animal to be cloned.
  Scientists clone creatures to mass produce new
  special types of animals and plants. In the
  future some scientist even want to clone human
  beings. This is a very controversial subject. A
  possible reason for future cloning is to
  repopulate endangered or extinct animals.

Dolly
Alyssa
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F is for Chromosomes

• Why ?

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F is For Chromosome

• Chromosomes are the carriers of genes. Humans
  have twenty three pairs or forty- six chromosomes
  and fruit flies have only 8. The more chromosomes
  an animal has the greater the complexity of the
  organism .

Matt
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Layers of a Cell
Your body is made up of countless cells. Every
cell in your body has a nucleus and each nucleus
has 46 chromosomes. Every one of your
chromosomes contains the genes that make you
unique. In every single gene you can find your
DNA.
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G is for Extinction . . .

• Why ?

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G Is For Extinction . . .

• Extinction is when a species completely dies out
  and is gone for good .

Matt
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H is for Crossbreed

• Why?

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H is for Crossbreed

• Crossbreeds are hybrids of one species crossed
  with another. Although there are a lot of
  different kinds of crossbreeds, it is only
  possible to cross species that are in the same
  family. A human crossed with a dog would
  absolutely never work. This is not possible
  because of their extremely different genetic
  structures. Similar genetic structures are
  necessary for crossbreeding, for example, a
  poodle and a lab are crossbred to make a
  labradoodle.

Lab Poodle
Labradoodle
Paige
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L is for Species
Why?
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L is for Species
A species is any living thing whether its an
animal or a human.
Paige
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Classification of Life
Scientist organize all living things from the
largest group, which is life in general to the
smallest which is the species of any living
organism
The 5 classes of vertebrates are fish,
amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. There
are also 6 classes of invertebrates as well.
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M is for Genetics
Why?.....
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M is for Genetics

• Gregor Mendel was the scientist who
  discovered how genetics work. He discovered how
  they work by conducting a simple experiment on
  breeding pea plants.

Paige
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Characteristics of pea plants observed by Mendel

• 1. flower color is purple or white
• 2. where flower attaches to stem 
• 3. stem length is long or short
• 4. seed shape is round or wrinkled
• 5. seed color is yellow or green  
• 6. pod shape is inflated or constricted
• 7. pod color is yellow or green

http//anthro.palomar.edu/mendel/mendel_1.htm
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O IS FOR DOMINANT GENESWhy?
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O Is For Dominant genes

• Dominant genes are able to override recessive
  genes . Dominant means stronger. For example,
  dark hair and dark eyes are dominant traits over
  blonde hair and blue eyes.

A smooth coat is a dominant trait for the
Chihuahua.
Arik Hess
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P is for traits
why?
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P is for traits

• Most of your traits are passed down from your
  parents. Your unique abilities, IQ, personality,
  and all of your DNA come to you through your
  parents. For example if your dad is an
  intelligent person and your mom is an intelligent
  person, more than likely youll be intelligent
  too. The genes from both of your parents are what
  makes you, you.

Alyssa
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R is for AlbinoWHY?
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R is for Albino

• Albino genes are recessive. Recessive means
  weaker or less likely to happen. Albino means
  having a lack of color or pigment. For this
  snake to be an albino, the mother and father
  snakes both have to have the recessive genes for
  albino traits. A true albino has pink eyes and
  white fur or hair and no pigment in their skin.

Arik Hess
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S is for Purebred . . .

• Why?

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S Is For Purebred . . .

• Purebreds are creatures that only have parents
  of the same species. This German Sheppard is
  purebred . They will have consistent, replicable
  and predictable traits.

Matt
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T is for Genes

• Why?

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T is for Genes

• Traits are passed down in your genes. Genes
  carry your DNA. They are like a memory card that
  holds all of your personal traits. You could be
  like your Mom. You could be like your Dad, or
  like most people, you could be a little of both.

Alyssa
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U is for DNA
Why?
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U is for DNA

• U is for DNA because every person has unique
  looks and different characteristics. No one
  person looks exactly like another unless they are
  cloned.

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vFUA6_Ucw3i4
Paige and Alyssa
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W is for Recessive . . .

• Why ?

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W is for Recessive . . .

• Recessive genes are genes that are the weaker
  genes passed from parent to child. This albino
  lizard has recessive genes. Blonde and red hair
  are also passed on through recessive genes.
  Recessive genes are the rarest because dominant
  genes overpower them.

Matt
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Interesting Facts!

• Millions of cells have died and have been
  reproduced by the time you read this sentence!

Trillions and trillions of cells can make up huge
things, like whales, but other things like
bacteria can be made up of only a single cell.
Amoebas are microscopic living organisms which
consists of a single cell. Like all cells, it has
cytoplasm, a nucleus, and a cell membrane. It is
about 0.3 mm across and inhabits the mud at the
bottom of fresh water ponds. Although it is just
a single cell, it still grows, eats, produces
waste, and reproduces like all living organisms.
Identical twins start out as one egg and then
the egg splits into two.
A baby starts off from two cells that join
together and multiply again, and again, and again
growing into a human being made up of trillions
of cells!
Identical twins are close to being clones but
theyre not. Most twins have 50 similarity in IQ
and personality.
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Glossary

• Albino animals with a total lack of pigment,
  usually having pure white skin or fur and red
  eyes
• Amoeba microscopic bacteria that live in either
  the bottom of fresh water steams and ponds or in
  the human digestive system
• Asexual an animal that can reproduce by itself
• Bacteria an organism with only one cell that can
  cause or help fight infections and diseases
• Cell smallest unit in the structure of a living
  organism

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• Chromosomes a rod-shaped structure that
  carries genes
• Clone exact genetic copy
• Complexity difficult to understand
• Controversial an argument between people
  holding different points of view
• Cytoplasm material in plants and animal cells
  not including the nucleus

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• DNA deoxyribonucleic acid holds the personal
  genetic information of hereditary characteristics
  that are passed on from generation to generation
• Dominant most powerful or influential
• Embryo a baby eight weeks old or younger before
  its born
• Extinction when an species completely dies
  out

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• Fruit Fly a small insect that eats decaying
  fruit
• Gender the type of sex you are either male or
  female
• Genes characteristics you get from your parents
  consisting of specific sequences of DNA and
  located on a chromosome
• IQ a number that indicates how intelligent or
  smart you are based on the results of a test

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• Membrane a thin layer of body tissue forming the
  external wall of a cell
• Nucleus the central body within a cell that
  contains chromosomes
• Organisms any forms of life
• Override to over power another

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• Pigment substance that occurs and colors the
  tissue of an animal or plant
• Purebred an organism with parents of the same
  species
• Recessive weak or unlikely to happen
• Replicable be able to copy or reproduce
  something
• Traits characteristics