Notice

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Notice!

• Schedule has changed http//cs.joensuu.fi/pages/m
  arjomaa/mentrepr/theoretical.html
• i.e., more time to finish the mindmaps
• Digitised lectures at ftp//ftp.cs.joensuu.fi/kas
  mal/
• recordings will be available about 3 weeks
  after the publication
• Topics situation http//cs.joensuu.fi/marjomaa/M
  R04/topicsituation.htm
• Useful dictionary to support mindmapping
• http//encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/

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Repetition The Proper Stuff
word
concept
thing
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Information modeling process

• starts by a request to get a certain kind of
  representation of some UoD
• explication of the task of modelling
• description of the new information needed
• the actual information acquisition and the
  combining of it with our previous information
  about the UoD
• the analysis of the collected information,
• the condensation of the analysed information,
• the representation of the condensed information.

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Four nice books

• Marjomaa Aspects of Relevance in Information
  Modelling
• Palomäki From Concepts to Concept Theory
• Crane The Mechanical Mind
• Dennett Brainstorms

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Concepts and Intentionality

• concepts are dispositions
• One is never conscious of all the information
  stored in one's brain, but one can still say that
  there are many dispositional representations in
  the brain. These dispositional representations
  can also be called potential representations in
  the moment one is not conscious of them.
  Potential representations can be stored in the
  brain in two ways, namely, either by the
  sensations or by actively committing something to
  memory. The moment one becomes conscious of them
  they can be called actual representations, or, to
  use a more familiar term, manifestations.
  http//cs.joensuu.fi/marjomaa/MR04/intentionality
  .htm

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Intentionality and Intentions

• http//cs.joensuu.fi/marjomaa/MR04/INTENTIONS.htm

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"Conceptualism is a socio-biologically based
theory dealing with the human capacity for
systematic concept-formation. As capacities, or
cognitive structures based upon capacities,
concepts are neither mental images nor ideas in
the sense of particular mental occurrences. That
is, concepts are not individuals but, rather,
unsaturated cognitive structures. The saturation
of a concept results in a mental event, and if
explicitly expressed, in a speech act as well
but the concept itself is neither the mental nor
the speech act (as an event), but rather that
which accounts for the predicable or referential
nature of that act."- see Palomäki (1994 31 ff.)
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Popperian Worlds
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Theories of Representation
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Classifications of models
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Classifications of Models

• analogy models - idealized models - models in
  logical semantics
• physical vs. non-physical models
• real models - conceptual models - nominal models
• external - internal - mediating

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Analogy models

• (a) physical constructions (for example,
  prototypes, statues, miniatures, etc.)
• (b) comparisons, allegories and metaphors, which
  relate some definite parts of two different
  languages - or, rather, of two different
  "Wittgensteinian language-games"
• (c) schemes, which consist of, for instance,
  graphical or linguistic written signs there are
  two kinds of these
• - representational conceptual schemata (where we
  describe concepts)
• - definitional conceptual schemata (where we
  introduce new expressions referring to new
  concepts)

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Idealized models

• Idealized models represent the most relevant
  features of the entity to be modelled. There are
  two kinds of these models
• (a) mathematical models, by which we mean
  simplified and idealised mathematical theories
  concerning some definite portions of the reality
• (b) "caricatures", which tend to represent some
  of the most effective features of an entity of
  interest

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Models in logical semantics

• set-theoretical structures, where the formulas of
  some formal language are interpreted

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Physical vs. non-physical models

• physical models include physical constructions,
  conceptual schemata, and caricatures
• non-physical models can be further divided to
• - mental models, by which are meant mental
  representations, images, states of mind,
  conceptions, opinions, etc.
• - conceptual models, by which can be meant some
  kinds of "transcendental schema" (i.e. "abstract
  schemes" or "schemes outside time and space")
  connecting concepts or propositions together

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Special theories of representation
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On representations
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Classification of representations

• External Knowledge Representation
• Inner ("Mental") Representations
• Mediating ("Conceptual") Representations
• Multiperspective Representations

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External Knowledge Representation

• Ideal science
• Systems theory
• Reasoning
• Logic and Mathematics
• Structural writing

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Inner ("Mental") Representations

• Analogical representations
• Propositional representations
• Distributed representations
• Structural and functional mental models

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Mediating ("Conceptual") Representations

• Peirce, Popper, Damasio, Wilson, ...
• Conceptual aspects of semantic webs, schemes,
  scripts

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Multiperspective Representations

• Feynman
• Saja
• Toppano
• Multimedia
• Ethnocomputing