Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska Fermilab Science and Engineering at HendersonDUSEL Capstone W

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Proton Plans at Fermilab Robert Zwaska -
Fermilab Science and Engineering at
Henderson-DUSEL Capstone WorkshopStony Brook
UniversityMay 5, 2006
Outline

• Introduction to the accelerator complex
• Planned and possible upgrades
• Proton power projections

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Making Neutrino Beams

• Two operating beams at Fermilab
• Use 8 or 120 GeV protons
• Secondaries produced with solid target and
  focused
• A rough figure of merit proton power on target
• Average current Beam energy
• 120 GeV beam does better
• Other factors (not covered)
• Neutrino beam elements design
• Detector size design

NuMI
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The Main Injector Today

• Provides high power, 120 GeV proton beam
• 80 kW for antiproton production
• 170 kW for neutrino production
• Takes 6 or 7 batches from the 8 GeV Booster _at_ 15
  Hz
• 4-5 1012 protons per Booster batch
• Total cycle time 1.467 s batches/15

Booster
NuMI
Batch 1 (PBar)
Batch 2
Batch 6
Main Injector
Batch 3
Batch 5
Batch 4
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Past-Year NuMI Running

• Average power of 165 kW in the last few months
• Maximum beam power of 270 kW down the NuMI line
  (stably for ½ hour)
• Peak intensity of 31013 ppp on the NuMI target

300
200
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Slip-stacking (Proton Plan)

• Merge two booster batches through RF
  manipulations

K. Seiya et. al., PAC2003

• Doubles the azimuthal charge in the Main
  Injector
• Booster loading time is doubled

? 440 kW of protons
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SnuMI Recycler as an 8 GeV proton accumulator
D. McGinnis, Beams-doc-1782, 2138

• After the Collider program is terminated, we can
  use the Recycler as a proton accumulator
• Booster batches are injected at 15 Hz rep rate
• Accumulate protons from the Booster while MI is
  running
• save 0.4 s for each 6 Booster batches injected
• Can also slip-stack beam in the Recycler
• Up to 12 Booster batches injected (save 0.8 s)
• 5.41013 ppp every 1.467 s ? 700 kW

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SNuMI Momentum stacking in the Accumulator
D. McGinnis, Beams-doc-1782, 2138

• After the Collider program is terminated, we can
  also use the Accumulator in the Anti-proton
  Source as a proton accumulator
• Momentum stack 4 (3) Booster in Accumulator
  batches every 267 (200) ms
• Limit Booster batch size to 41012 protons
• Box Car stack in the Recycler
• Load in a new Accumulator batch every 267 (200)
  ms
• 6 Accumulator (24 or 18 Booster) batches
• in Recycler
• Load the Main Injector in a single turn
• 9.11013 every 1.6 s ? 1.1 MW
• 7.21013 every 1.33 s ? 1.0 MW

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High Intensity Neutrino Source

• 8 GeV Superconducting Linac as replacement for
  Booster
• Nominal injection charge 1.51014 ppp
• Cycling every 1.4 s corresponds to a beam power
  of 2 MW at 120 GeV
• Requires major upgrades to Main Injector RF
• Significant MI RF and magnet upgrades could
  reduce acceleration time
• Maybe up to 4 MW

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Proton Power Projections
Note 1.7107 s/yr (effective, at peak power)

• Proton plan (in progress)
• Ramp to 440 kW in 2009
• Recycler/Accumulator upgrades (in design not
  approved yet)
• One year shutdown in 2010
• Ramp to 1.1 MW (700 kW) in 2012
• High Intensity Neutrino Source (under
  consideration)
• 2 MW sometime in the future

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Lowering the primary proton energy ?

• Injection dwell time 80 ms
• Flattop time 50 ms
• Maximum dp/dt 240 GeV/s

D. Wolff

• this is achievable now (conservative)
• limit injection dwell time to 30 ms ?
• faster down ramp ?

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Proton Energy Scaling

• Reducing proton beam energy does not results in
  an equal reduction in cycle time
• Worst for cases where Booster is heavily utilized
• Neutrino beams based on lower-energy protons will
  have lower beam power

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Conclusions

• Fermilab proton complex can be upgraded to
  produce a Neutrino Superbeam
• 320 kW peak (250 kW ave.) available today
• 440 kW upgrades are in progress
• Proton Plan ? E. Prebys et al.
• 700 kW 1.1 MW upgrades are under study
  (likely?)
• SNuMI ? A. Marchionni et al.
• 2 MW beams are under consideration
• HINS ? G. Appolinari et al.
• Primary proton energy needs to be understood
• Lowering proton energy below 120 GeV always
  reduces the beam power on target
• Neutrino beam production needs to be considered
• There is no beamline to Henderson
• Does not need to be a conventional beam
• Neutrino Factory (A. Tollestrup et al.)
• Beta Beam (A. Jansson)