KINE 1700 Introduction to Exercise Science

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KINE 1700Introduction to Exercise Science

• Human Anatomy
• Unit 2
• Dr. Phillip Gribble

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Objectives

• Introduction to
• Skeletal System
• Articular System
• Musculoskeletal Injury

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Skeletal System

• 206 bones
• Bones
• Provide protection
• Provide shape
• Provide muscle and ligament attachment

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Skeletal System

• 206 bones
• Bones
• Provide protection
• Provide shape
• Provide muscle and ligament attachment
• Provide red blood cells

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Bone Shapes

• Different shapes
• Different functions
• Designed to provide attachment sites, attenuate
  specific forces

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Bone Shapes

• Long Bone
• Legs
• Arms
• Fingers
• Toes

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Long Bone

• Diaphysis shaft
• Compact bone
• Epiphysis ends
• Spongy bone
• Produce marrow in medullary cavity
• Red blood cells

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Bone Shapes

• Flat Bone
• Considerable protection
• Skull
• Ribs
• Sternum
• Scapula

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Bone Shapes

• Flat Bone
• Considerable protection
• Skull
• Ribs
• Sternum
• Scapula

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Bone Shapes

• Irregular Bone
• Complex shapes
• Varying amounts of spongy and compact bone

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Bone Shapes

• Irregular Bone
• Facial bones
• Base of skull
• Vertebra

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Bone Shapes

• Short Bone
• Cube-shaped
• Nearly equal in length and width

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Bone Shapes

• Flat Bone
• Wrist (carpals)
• Ankle (Tarsals)

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Fracture

• Overstress the bone
• Disruption to integrity of the bone

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Fracture Healing

• Osteoblasts

• Osteoclasts

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Joints
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Joints

• Provide stability
• Provide protection
• Allow movement

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Joints (Articulations)

• Bone-bone
• Bone-cartilage
• Tooth-Bone

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Joints (Articulations)

• Some provide
• No movement
• Limited movement
• Free movement

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Joints (Articulations)

• What can make up a joint?
• Bones/teeth
• Connective tissue
• Cartilage
• Capsule
• Ligaments

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Joint Classification

• Fibrous
• Cartilaginous
• Synovial

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Fibrous Joints

• No joint capsule
• Bones held together by tight fibrous connective
  tissue

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Fibrous Joints

• Suture
• Between bones of skull

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Fibrous Joints

• Syndesmoses
• Not as tight as fibrous
• Interosseus membrane
• Tibia-fibula (lower leg)

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Fibrous Joints

• Gomphoses
• Cone-shaped peg fits into a socket
• Teeth

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Cartilage Joints

• No joint capsule
• Bones held by cartilage
• Little to no movement

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Cartilage Joints

• Synchondrosis
• Hyaline cartilage connects bone ends
• Growth plates in developing bones

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Cartilage Joints

• Symphyses
• Fibrocartilage disc
• Pubic symphysis
• Vertebral discs

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Synovial Joints
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Synovial Joints

• Space between two articulating bones
• Articular capsule
• Synovial fluid

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Synovial Joints

• Articular cartilage

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Synovial Joints

• Ligaments
• Special bundles of fibrous tissue that protect
  joints
• Given specific names

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Synovial Joints

• Ligaments
• Intracapsular

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Synovial Joints

• Ligaments
• Extracapsular

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Synovial Joints

• Articular Discs
• Labrum
• Meniscii

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Synovial Joint Types

• Ball and socket
• Condyloid
• Gliding
• Hinge
• Pivot
• Saddle

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Synovial Joint Types

• Ball and Socket
• Rounded/spherical bone end articulates with cup
  shaped cavity of another bone
• Movements in all planes
• Hip
• Shoulder

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Synovial Joint Types

• Condyloid
• Oval surface of one bone articulates with
  elliptical surface of another bone
• All movements except rotation
• Fingers
• Toes

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Synovial Joint Types

• Gliding
• Two nearly flat surfaces
• Only gliding allowed
• Carpals
• Tarsals

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Synovial Joint Types

• Hinge
• Convex surface on concave surface
• Flexion/extension
• Knee
• Elbow
• Fingers

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Synovial Joint Types

• Pivot
• Cylindrical bone rotates inside a ring-shaped
  bone
• C1/C2 vertebrae
• Elbow (radioulnar joint)

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Synovial Joint Types

• Saddle
• Concave/convex
• Complementary surfaces
• Allows
• multiple
• movements
• Thumb

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Joint injury

• Sprain
• Overstretching/tearing of ligaments and/or capsule

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Joint Injury

• Dislocation
• Exceed normal anatomical limits

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• Bones and joints are very strong and designed to
  protect us while allowing movement
• Its important to know the normal structures and
  alignments of the articular system

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The body can only take so much!!!