Energy Efficiency

1
Energy Efficiency Smart Buildings-The
European REEB project

• IMS Workshop, Bern, 24 April 2008
• Alain ZARLI Marc BOURDEAU - CSTB
• Matti Hannus - VTT

2
Energy main concerns

• Known reserves (at 2008 rate of consumption)
• Oil/Petrol 40 years
• Natural gas 70 years
• Uranium 80 years
• Coal 230 years
• Sun Wind forever
• EU imports 50 of its energy from unstable
  countries
• 50 of savings to meet Kyoto objectives can be
  obtained by EE in Buildings Construction

3
Basic characteristics of the construction sector

• Total annual turnover 910 billion (EU-15).
• 12 million workers 7 of total employment 28
  of industrial employment.
• 26 million workers depend in some way on
  construction.
• Construction, operation and maintenance of
  facilities is 20 of GNP in idustrialised
  countries.
• 40 of all material resource consumption.
• Large amount of waste, one tonne per capita
  annually.
• One million site accidents occurred in 2003
  (EU-15) causing one thousand casualties.
• Life cycle costs are dominated by operation and
  maintenance while design construction are less
  than 25.
• Indoor conditions impact on productivity, comfort
  and health.
• Fragmented sector No dominant players
  Non-professional customers Local regulations
  Focus on lowest investment cost Performance of
  buildings is mostly driven by regulations instead
  of market demand.

4
Energy consumption of buildings

• Heating and lighting of buildings account for
  40 of all energy consumed in Europe.
• Construction activities account for 5 of energy
  used, including construction related transport.
• Buildings the largest source of CO2 emissions
  (1/3) in the EU-15 (if their electric power
  consumption is included).
• Trends towards increased use
• Air-conditioning due to climate change.
• Raising standard of living.
• Increasing building stock.

• Annual energy consumption in residential
  buildings
• 100-250 kWh/m² - Western Europe.
• 250-400 kWh/m² - Eastern and Central Europe.
• 50-100 kWh/m² - Northern Europe, well insulated
  buildings.
• lt 20 kWh/m² - Passive houses.
• Only 1-2 of building stock is renewed annually.
• ?Energy consumption of buildings in the next 50
  years can be reduced mainly by renovating the
  existing stock.

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Energy consumption over Buildings life-cycle
Renovation Demolition Energy consumption In
a building in Operation (over 50
years) Construction Production
of Materials
4
85
Energy use and Environmental Impact of New
Residential Buildings PhD Thesis Karin
Adalberth Lund Institute of Technology - 2000
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10
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Energy-generating home

• Technologies e.g.
• Wind turbine
• Solar panels
• Fuel cells
• Heat pumps exchangers
• Energy recovery transformation
• OLED lighting
• Sensors
• New materials
• Insulation
• Phase changing
• Radiant heat barrier
• Photovoltaic
• Electrochromatic
• Automation control
• Feeding into grid
• Source SUSCHEM SRA

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Energy-efficient steel construction
Examples of E-E structural solutions Source
ESTEP Steel platform
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Integrating buildings, neighbour-hoods and
distributed generation
Source SMARTGRIDS SRA
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Buildings Energy saving with...

• (structure) More efficient envelopes
• Use of improved materials
• Integration of renewable energies (natural
  ventilation, solar thermal collectors, solar
  photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, )
• Improved (ICT-based) design with advanced
  software simulation
• (equipment) Better equipments systems
• lighting, electric devices, HVAC, improved
  monitoring control (with systemic approach),
  adaptive Energy Management systems / services
• Intelligent energy building / district / urban
  networks
• and improved / changed individual collective
  behaviors!

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Energy buildings / ICT support An example
Common data model

• Dynamic building simulation provides information
  to select the best technical solutions (in terms
  of optimal energetic behaviour of the building)
• ? A common data model is necessary
• To avoid the huge amount of work required to
  input simulation data
• To foster interoperability between simulation
  tools, building code related tools and
  dimensioning tools and to lead to optimisation.
• The next generation tools will consist in the
  development of a global solution for evaluation
  and design, which integrates various aspects of
  energy, air quality and comfort, environmental,
  socio-economic, etc...
• ? Need for an integrated multi-disciplinary
  approach

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Energy efficiency building Issues, barriers,
challenges

• Harmonized, scientifically valid eco-label for
  energy use
• Continuous improvements in standards
  regulations
• Empowering consumers to control manage their
  energy consumption/demand
• Intelligence in energy management systems for
  controlling / optimising energy interacting
  with users
• Smart building technology showcases /
  demonstrators
• Citizen awareness of environmental sustainability
  issues
• Increased dissemination of the know-how
  technologies towards contractors, enterprises,
  and even crafstmen
• User-friendly interfaces with energy saving
  applications
• Interoperability semantics
• Business incentives (and proved energy-saving
  business cases?)
• Methodology for impact assessment defining the
  indicators, getting the information, etc.
• Getting together with the whole value chain

12
SOTA, technical non-technical barriers towards
operational RD results

• Already quite a set of initiatives RD works
  targeting aspects of home and building automation
  / electronic systems and in relation to the
  Information Society
• E.g. CENELEC TC 205 (Home and Building Electronic
  Systems), KONNEX (KNX technology standard),
  ECHELON
• But
• Still a lack of widely adopted technologies
  standards to ensure integration of a wide
  spectrum of control applications and the control
  and management aspects of other applications in
  and around homes buildings
• Still a need for identification development of
  new devices, and necessary hardware and software
  interfaces
• Still a need for harmonized performance
  requirements
• Lack of digital home / smart building technology
  showcases, demonstrators (living) laboratories,
  in-situ experimental houses buildings

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European Construction Technology Platform -
http//www.ectp.org

• Organisation
• 7 Focus Areas (FA)
• Underground constructions
• Cities Buildings
• Quality of life
• Materials
• Networks
• Cultural heritage
• Processes ICT
• 2 Advisory Groups
• Clients users
• SMEs
• 20 National platforms

• Outputs
• Vision for 2030
• Strategic Research Agenda (SRA)
• 7 thematic roadmaps / SRAs (1 per Focus Area)
• 1 global SRA
• Implementation Action Plan
• Eurekabuild Eureka umbrella project on
  construction
• E2B Joint Technology Initiative (JTI) on Energy
  Efficient Buildings

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Key research areas

• Indoor environment
• New image of cities
• Using underground space
• Mobility and supply

Meeting clientrequirements
from ECTP SRA
ECTP vision
Becomingsustainable
Tranformingthe constructionsector

• Energy and resources
• Reduced environmental impact
• Transport utility networks
• Cultural heritage
• Safety and security

• New construction process
• ICT automation
• High added value materials
• Attractive workplace

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Implementation Action Plan
A P P L I C A T I O N C O N T E X T

• The ECTP IAP defines construction sector specific
  RD priorities.
• The construction sector needs to employ enabling
  generic technologies from several other sectors.
• In many areas ICT especially is the key enabling
  technology.

New business models services
(Intelligent) Products
Cultural heritage
Networks
Cities built environments
Buildings
Underground space
Indoor environment
Monitoring and control
Life cycle management
Generic innovations research results
T E C H N O L O G Y A R E A S
Production methods, SCM logistics
Materials
ICT infrastructures
Knowledge sharing
Sector specific innovations applications
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FP7 ECTP - Energy
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Trend Building Information Modeling
Interoperable applications for design, analysis,
simulation, visualisation etc. Re-use of data
for operation, automation control to
optimise building performance Example
predictive energy management.
18
Trend Integration of building systems and
external services
Source I3CON (FP6 NMP Integrated Project)
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ECTP Focus Area Processes ICT8 priority areas
for RD
Value-driven business processes ICT for customer
centric product servicedefinition, requirement
management compliance assessment.
Performancebased contracting.
All these topics are relevant for E-E buildings.
ICT enabledbusiness models New ways for
sustainable exploitation ofICT as a key part of
business strategyin the open European / global
construction marketplace.
Industrialisedproduction ICT for modular
provision of customised constructions,
logistics, assembly services. Digital sites.
ECTPProcesses ICT
Knowledge sharing ICT for transforming project
experiences into corporate assets. Object
repositories.IPR protection of complex shared
data. Context aware applications.
Digital models Model based life-cycle information
management design, configuration,analysis,
simulation, visualisation etc.
Collaboration support ICT tools for information
sharing, project steering, negotiations,
decision support, risk mitigation, etc.
Intelligentconstructions Smart embedded systems
devices formonitoring and control. Embedded
learning user support.
Interoperability Ontologies open ICT standards
for semantic communication.ICT infrastructures.
Corresponding roadmaps are available in short /
medium / long term.
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20 out of 37 ETPs address construction. 12
address smart / E.E buildings

• ARTEMIS Energy savings in buildings. Home
  ambient intelligence. Digital home. Intelligent
  infrastructures e.g. buildings.
• eMobility Home networks.
• EPoSS Safe home management. Assisted living for
  the elderly. Home care. Smart homes. Energy
  management.
• ESTEP Recyclability of materials and components.
  Suitability for refurbishment and industrialised
  production.
• ESTTP Heating and cooling without fossil fuels
  using solar thermal energy.
• FOREST Wood as construction material reduces
  energy consumption, binds carbon and is
  recyclable as bio-fuel.
• MANUFUTURE Virtual representation of (factory)
  buildings. Reduction of energy consumption by
  manufacturing processes and products over their
  whole life cycles
• NESSI Service oriented business models (in all
  sectors). ICT platforms from embedded systems to
  distributed environments
• PHOTOVOLTAIC PV modules mounted on roofs or
  integrated in building components. Functional
  integration with shading, thermal systems,
  ventilation etc.
• SMARTGRIDS Customer-side energy management,
  demand forecasting balancing. Response to price
  signals. End-user Behaviour. Smart metering
  customer interfaces. Multiple energy carrier
  systems in cities and buildings.
• SUSCHEM Insulation materials. Coatings for
  windows. Electrochromatic smart windows. Phase
  changing materials. Organic light emitting
  diodes. Energy-generating components.

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REEB facts figures

• ? A Co-ordinated Action
• In EC FP7 Theme 3 Information and Communication
  Technologies - ICT for Environmental Management
  Energy Efficiency
• Project full title The European strategic
  research Roadmap to ICT enabled Energy-Efficiency
  in Buildings and constructions
• Grant agreement no. 224320 Starting Date 1st
  May 2008
• Consortium

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REEB Objective Work Plan

• Objective co-ordinating rationalising current
  and future RTD in the area of ICT support to
  Energy Efficiency (EE) in the built environment
  of tomorrow
• Overall work plan

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Contribution to the coordination of high quality
research

• Contribution of REEB to the ERA
• EC - ICT for Sustainable Growth Unit (H4)
• ECTP prioritisation of RTD in ICT that supports
  the Becoming Sustainable key topic
• ECTP / FA7 development of a thematic roadmap on
  ICT enabled EE buildings
• E2B JTI (Energy Efficient Buildings Joint
  Technology Initiative) liaison between E2B and
  ICT-related ETPs
• International Consortia initiatives (FIATECH,
  CIB) validation / harmonisation of REEB results
  at international level
• IMS REEB contribution to MTPs especially the
  Energy Efficiency MTP ( Standards Key
  technologies MTPs)

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ICT EE Research axis (1/2)

• Objective Resource efficient clean buildings /
  LEB - PEB
• Building retrofitting (residential, commercial,
  offices, schools, hospitals)
• Innovative components (with embedded devices)
  software for new buildings
• ICT for global integrated (systemic) approach in
  the building to maximise energy efficiency, to
  reduce environmental impact (material use, waste,
  water,) and to optimise the indoor climate
  conditions.
• ICT support to global/local strategies in
  distributed systems
• Energy efficient systems will be defined as
  decentralized systems in which the energy is
  considered at building and district scale,
  establishing new energy management relations
  about the energy grid, the building, the district
  the city.
• Management of efficient (thermal and electrical)
  energy storage systems
• KPI (see Directive on Energy Performance of
  Buildings - EPBD) and decision-systems for energy
  efficiency in Buildings

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ICT EE Research axis (2/2)

• Evolution towards new architectures with
• Generalization of Plug-and-Play Collaboration
  of objects and componentsmaking the sum of the
  parts smarter than a basic union
• Local global strategies, relying on rule-based
  engines to specify / control actions to be
  executed according to user profiles, external
  parameters, etc.
• Enhanced user interfacesvoice-based
  control/command devices, Web access, touch
  screens, robotics human/building interfaces,
• Open platforms for components and function
  integrationpreventing being stuck with
  proprietary solution

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Global Value Chain for products, systems
services in smart facilities (draft)
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Intelligent Constructions
e
i
u
electronic home
interactive home
ubiquitous home
Remote diagnosticsand control Serviceability
Context aware seam- less
configurability Adaptability
Integrated automationand control Connectivity
Ubiquitous realtime network
Broadbandstandard-based connection outside of
buildings
Wired sensors
Reactive / pro-active wireless sensors
Open interfaces standards, incl. for mobile
access
Dynamic control (re-)configuration of devices
(based on strategies)
Wired connections models protocols
Networked integrated devices
Intelligent Constructions Home Environments
System control integration of intelligent
devices
Securecommunicationover publicnetworks
Self-configuring / optimising home building
systems
Proprietary platforms networks
Remote mobile diagnostics control
Common platformfor vendor/systemspecific SW
Interactive Spaces (work, games, video)
Levels standardisation for Quality of home
services
Dumb services
Intelligence (semantic info) in embedded systems
Personalised context-aware services
Multimedia interfaces / devices
Adaptive Multi-Modal Interfaces
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Sustainability Energy Efficiency (SEE)
ECTP/FA7 (VTT, CSTB) FIATECH CIB
Develop adequate ICT-based informed
decision-making (both human and automated) for
SEE
Objectives
Driver Need for data
Framework, Methodologies, and Agents that improve
DC for SEE
Standardized Sensing Networks for DC for SEE
Integrated sensing networks for SEE
Status Quo of data collection (DC) for SEE
Driver Need for valid data
Framework, Methodologies, and Agents that improve
DV for SEE
Standardized agents for DV for SEE
Integrated data validation agents for SEE
Status Quo of data validation (DV) for SEE
ICT-based informed decision-making for SEE
Driver Need for methods, processes, tools
Standardized agents for DP for SEE
Framework, Methodologies, and Agents that improve
DP for SEE
Intelligent Data Processing Agents for SEE
Status Quo of data processing (DP) for SEE
Legend
Driver Useful results
Current State
Standardized agents for DA for SEE
Appropriate Software System Development for SEE
Framework, Methodologies, and Agents that improve
DA for SEE
Short Term
Status Quo of data application (DA) for SEE
Medium Term
Long Term
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More information...

• Strat-CON http//www.strat-con.org
• ECTP http//www.ectp.org
• Access to ECTP/FA7
• ERABUILD http//www.erabuild.net
• FIATECH http//www.fiatech.org
• IEA International Energy Agency