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bosons :

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??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????. ???? ??? ???(Bose-Einstein statistics) ... Bose-Einstein Condensation - ???????? ??????. ???? ????????? ??????Tc ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: bosons :


1
?????? ??????? ????? ???????????
?? ????? ?? ???????
2
???????(bosons) ???????? ??????????
S. Bose
A. Einstein
  • ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????
  • ???? ??? ???(Bose-Einstein statistics) .
  • ?T0 ???? ??????????? ?? ????????
  • ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????.

BE distribution
3
????????(fermions) ???????? ?????????????????
P.M. Dirac
E. Fermi
W. Pauli
  • ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???
  • (Fermi-Dirac statistics, Pauli exclusion
    principle)
  • ?T0 ???? ??????????? N ????????
  • ?????? ??N ????? ??????? ?????
  • (?? ?????? ????).

4
???????? ???????? ?????????
???????? ???? ?????
??????? ????? ??????
5
???????? ???????? ???????
?????
??????
  • ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? - ????????
  • ??????? ???? ???? ??? - ???????

6
Bose-Einstein Condensation - ???????? ??????
???? ????????? ??????Tc
???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???????
?????? ?????.
"??-????"
?Helium-4 Tc2.17 K
7
??-??????? ???? ???????
.
  • ??-???? ???? ??? ????.

P.L Kapitsa
  • ??-???? ???? ?? ?????
  • ??? ?????? ????? ?????.
  • ??-???? ???? ?????? ???
  • ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????
  • ????.

8
???????? ???-????
????????? ??-???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??
????????? ????????
???? ???
9
??? ?? ???? ??????
?Helium-4 Tc2.17 K
??? ????? ?
????????? ???????
???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????.
????? Tc10-7K.

??? ?????? ?????????? ?????
10
????? ?????? ?????1. ??? ??? ?????
laser cooling
Doppler effect 1
2
3
??? ????? ????????? ?? 10000/1 ?????
optical molasses
11
2. "????" ????
evaporative cooling
12
??? ?? ?????
E. Cornell
W. Ketterle
C. Wieman
?????? BE ?????? ????????
?????? BE ?????? ????
?????? ?????????? ?? ????
13
??-??????? ???? ?????????
.
???????? ??????? ?? ??-????? ????? ???? ?????????
?????? Tc.
H. Kamerlingh
14
??? ????? ???-??????? ?? ?????? ???
W. Meissner
15
??? ????? ?? ??-???????
??? ???? ?????
1. ??-??????? ?????(TYPE I)
??
2. ??????? vortices
(TYPE II)
???? ???
A. Abrikosov
16
???? ???? ??????
??? ???? ????? ??? ??????????
?????
17
??-??????? ????? ?? ?????(Cooper Pairs)

J. Bardeen
L. Cooper
J. Schrieffer
18
??? ?? ????
  • ????? ??????

MagLev
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • ???????? ????? ??? ??????
  • ?????? ?????????? ??????
  • ????? ???????

19
??-??????? ?????????? ??????
???????? ????? ?? ????
G. Bednorz
A. Muller
  • ???-??????? ?????? ???? ?????
  • ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?"??????"
  • ????.
  • ????? ???????? ??? ???-???????
  • ???? ????? ?"???" ??????.

20
???? ??? ???????
  • ????? ???? ???? ????????? ????
  • ?????? BE
  • http//www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/bec
  • ??-???????

  • http//superconductors.org

2. ???? ?? ????? ???? ????
3. ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????
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