Intelligence and Thinking

1
Lecture 3

• Intelligence and Thinking

2
Outline

• Introduction
• Thinking
• Theories of Intelligence
• Intelligence Nature vs. Nurture
• Intelligence Testing

3
Thinking

• Classifying and Categorization
• Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
• Problem Solving

4
Classifying and Categorization

• Concepts
• Formal
• Natural
• Basic-level
• Superordinate
• Subordinate

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Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

• Deductive reasoning Inferring specific
  instances from general principles or rules
• Inductive reasoning Inferring general
  principles or rules from specific facts

6
Problem Solving

• Algorithm
• A procedure that consists of a series of steps
  that will solve a specific type of problem
• Heuristic
• A general rule that guides decision-making

7
Theories of Intelligence

• Factor theories
• Information-processing theories
• Neuropsychological theories

8
Factor Theories of Intelligence

• Factor Analysis
• Spearmans 2-Factor Theory
• Thurstones 7-Factor Theory
• Cattells 2-Factor Theory

9
Information-Processing Theories of Intelligence

• The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg,
  1988, 1996, 1997)
• Analytic intelligence
• Creative intelligence
• Practical intelligence

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Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg, 1997)
Analytic Intelligence Creative Intelligence Practical Intelligence
Metacomponents Novel tasks Adaptation
Performance components Automated tasks Selection
Knowledge acquisition components Shaping
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Neuropsychological Theories

• Gardner (1998) Types of intelligence
• Linguistic
• Musical
• Logical-mathematical
• Naturalist
• Spatial
• Bodily-kinesthetic
• Intrapersonal
• Interpersonal

12
IntelligenceNature vs. Nurture

• Heritability coefficient
• variance due to genes
• h2 -----------------------------------
• variance due to genes variance due to
  environment