Implantable Photocrosslinked Elastomer Delivery System for InterferonGamma

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CHEE 340 Tutorial 1
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Anatomy Anatomical Directions
Superior
Medial
Posterior/Dorsal
Lateral
Anterior/Ventral
Inferior/Candal
Relative Directions ______________ and
________________
Distal
Proximal
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Anatomy Anatomical Planes
Saggital/Median
Frontal/Coronal
Transverse/Horizontal
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Anatomy Cell

• Cell Theory
• Cells are mostly composed of _____________________
  _____and __________________________
• Cells synthesis molecules that are fundamental
  for sustaining life namely

- All organisms are comprised of one or more
cells - The cell is the smallest unit of life -
All cells come from previously existing cells
organic compounds
water

• - carbohydrates
• - proteins
• lipids
• nucleic acids

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Anatomy Eukaryotic Cell
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Anatomy Plasma Membrane

• ________________ surrounds the cell
• Functions of the plasma membrane include
• -
• -
• -
• The plasma membrane is made up of
  ________________ which are amphipathic
  (__________ head and __________ tail) and combine
  head-to-tail to form the _______________________.

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Anatomy Cell Transport

• Molecule transport through the cell membrane
  occurs via
• -
• -
• -
• The cell membrane allows the cell to maintain
  both an ___________ and an __________ balance
  between itself and the extracellular fluid.
• A typical cell environment has a high
  concentration of ____ ions inside the cell and a
  high concentration of ____ and ____ ions in the
  extracellular fluid.
• Since ions are charged, they need to be
  transported across the membrane using _________
  (This transport mechanism called _________
  transport).

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Anatomy Tissue

• The four primary types of tissue are
• -
• -
• -
• -
• Epithelial tissue
• Cell shapes - squamous, cuboidal, columnar,
  pseudostratified
• Simple vs. Stratified
• Functions of the epithelial tissue include
  _________, _________,
• _________, _________ and _________.

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Anatomy Tissue

• Connective tissues are _________.
• Connective tissues are primarily composed of the
  _________
• _________.
• Connective tissues encompass
• Blood
• Bone, cartilage,
• Tendon, ligament
• The connective tissue that connects muscles to
  bone is called a _____________, while the tissue
  that connects bone to bone is called a
  _____________.

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Anatomy Tissue

• Muscle cells respond to _________.
• The three types of muscle tissue found in the
  human body are _________, _________ and
  _________.
• Nerves are conduits that serve to transmit
  _________ to other parts of the body.
• Nervous tissue is composed of ___________ and
  ___________. ___________ transmit electrical
  impulses, while _______________ support, protect
  and nourish the ____________ .
• The two major types of nervous tissue are
  _________ and _________.

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Physiology Cardiovascular System

• Pulmonary vs. Systemic
• Vessels that move blood AWAY from the heart are
  called_________.
• Vessels that move blood TO the heart are called
  _________.

• LEFT SIDE
• Systemic circulation
• To BODY from LUNGS

• RIGHT SIDE
• Pulmonary circulation
• To LUNGS from BODY
• Smaller ventricles, shorter path

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Physiology Cardiovascular System
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
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Physiology Action Potentials and Heartbeat

• Depolarization of cells due to a self-generating
  electrical pulse in the sinoatrial node (SA node)
  leads to a contraction of the atria
• Repolarization restores normal membrane potential
• Action potential continues to atrioventricular
  node (AV node), which slows the pulse before
  being propagated to the conduction conduit
  (Bundle of His)
• Action potential distributed across surface of
  ventricles (Purkinjie fibers) - simultaneous
  contraction of both ventricles, forcing blood
  from ventricles to arteries
• Wavefront can be measured from start to finish by
  ECG

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Physiology ECG Waves

• P wave
• Q R S wave
• T wave

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Physiology Measurement of Blood Pressure

• Pressure increased to 180mm Hg over brachial
  artery
• Pressure released _at_ 2 mm Hg/sec
• Note pressure at which 1st sound heard (systolic
  press.)
• Note pressure at which sound disappears
  (diastolic press.)
• Normal 120/80
• Acceptable lt140/lt85
• Borderline 140-160/85-95
• High gt160/gt95

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Physiology Skeletal System

• The functions of the skeletal system
  are_________, _________,
• _________, _________ and _________.
• An average adult skeletal system consists of
  _________bones.
• Bones are ___________________________.
• Bones are classified into four categories based
  on their shape namely_________, _________,
  _________ and _________.
• The two types of bone found in the human body
  are_________ and_________.

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Physiology Skeletal System

• Cortical/ Compact Bone vs. Spongy/ Cancellous/
  Trabeular Bone

• Cortical
• Forms the shaft and hard outer covering
• Has minimum gaps or spaces
• Gives smooth, white, and solid appearance
• Ten times less surface area than spongy bone
• 80 of the total bone mass of an adult skeleton

• Spongy
• Ends of long bones and the interior filling
• Made of a network of flat or needle-shaped
  trabeculae
• Makes the overall bone lighter and allows room
  for blood vessels and marrow
• 20 of total bone mass of an adult skeleton

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Physiology Bone Remodeling

• The cells that are involved in bone remodeling
  are _________ and _________.
• _________ are responsible for bone formation.
• _________ are responsible for bone resorption.
• An imbalance in the _________ cycle leads to
  __________________.
• The two types of bones found in the human body
  are_________ and_________.

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Physiology Joints

• The three major joints through which bones are
  connected are _________, _________ and _________.
• The six types of synovial joints are
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -

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