Equal clauses are joined by coordinating conjunctions.

1
Coordinate Clauses

• Equal clauses are joined by coordinating
  conjunctions.

2
Overview of Sentence Types

• Writers use three sentence types
• Simple
• Coordinate
• Complex
• Simple sentences have just one clause
• College students write essays.
• Professors read them.

• Coordinate clauses link two equal clauses
• College students write essays, and professors
  read them.
• Professors grade essays, so students can see
  their progress.
• Complex clauses subordinate
• Since writing is vital, students do it well.
• Instructors highlight writing in order to promote
  student success.

College writers use a variety of sentence types!
3
What are phrases and clauses?

• A phrase can have a noun or a verb, but not both
• My brother Bryan.
• Is older than me.
• A clause has both a noun and a verb
• Alice is my mom.
• She cooks lots of good food.

Is three square meals a day a clause or a
phrase?
4
Is it a phrase or a clause?

• In the morning.
• We have our class.
• For an hour or so.
• What do you think?
• About studying?
• How to write better sentences.
• It will help you out.

Do writers make lots of money?
5
Is it a phrase or a clause?

• In the morning.
• We have our class.
• For an hour or so.
• What do you think?
• About studying?
• How to write better sentences.
• It will help you out.

Phrase Clause Phrase Clause Phrase Phrase Clause
Notice that clauses are more complete than
phrases.
6
How are clauses coordinated?

• Coordinators are the conjunctions that join equal
  clauses together.
• The four most common coordinators are
• and
• but
• or
• so
• All four common coordinators can connect
  sentences.

Can babies make good parental relations?
7
How do coordinators function?

• And joins two similar ideas together.
• But joins two contrasting ideas.
• Or joins two alternate ideas.
• So shows that the second idea results from the
  first idea.

• Jon lives in Miami, and Katy studies at the
  university.
• Eli is Mexican, but Alma is Egyptian.
• I can buy lunch, or I can bring one.
• Elsa studied the lesson, so she was prepared.

Can we use various punctuation marks before
clause coordinators?
8
How are coordinators punctuated?

• When there are two coordinate clauses, which
  punctuation mark do you use to start the second?
• Comma
• Semicolon
• Colon
• Period

• Jon lives in Miami_ and Katy studies at the
  university.
• Eli is Mexican_ but Alma is Egyptian.
• I can buy lunch_ or I can bring one.
• Elsa studied the lesson_ so she was prepared.

Cant we use other punctuation marks before
clause coordinators?
9
They are separated by commas.

• When there are two coordinate clauses, which
  punctuation mark do you use to start the second?
• Comma
• Semicolon
• Colon
• Period

• Jon lives in Miami, and Katy studies at the
  university.
• Eli is Mexican, but Alma is Egyptian.
• I can buy lunch , or I can bring one.
• Elsa studied the lesson , so she was prepared.

We cannot use other punctuation marks before
clause coordinators.
10
Can you use the coordinators?

• Use and, but, or, so
• The quizzes are hard, __ we study.
• We drive to college, __ park in the lot.
• The town is not big, __ it has a college.
• You can take the highway, __ you can use the side
  road.

Which one will the shark choose?
11
You can use coordinators.

• The quizzes are hard, so we study.
• We drive to college, and park in the lot.
• The town is not big, but it has a college.
• You can take the highway, or you can use the side
  road.

• So provides a reason.
• And links equals.
• But provides contrast.
• Or offers a choice.

Which one will the shark choose?
12
Learn three unusual coordinators.

• Nor joins negative alternates
• Bob didnt wear formal clothes nor feel
  comfortable.
• For means because
• He feels insecure, for he wasnt ready.
• Yet is for contrast
• He got to the party, yet he didnt fit in.

Did anyone tell Bob what to wear?
13
Can you use unusual coordinators?

• Use nor, for, yet
• Take an umbrella with you, __ it is raining.
• Penguins really arent very formal animals, __
  they look like it.
• There is no paper in the copy machine, __ is
  there any ink in it.
• It was very late, __ we did not feel tired.

Do penguins have a choice about what to wear?
14
You can use unusual coordinators.

• Take an umbrella with you, for it is raining.
• Penguins really arent very formal animals, yet
  they look like it.
• There is no paper in the copy machine, nor is
  there any ink in it.
• It was very late, yet we did not feel tired.

• For tells the reason.
• Yet can provide for concession.
• Nor is the negative of or.
• Yet offers contrast.

Do penguins have a choice about what to wear?
15
Coordinators also join words and phrases.

• Coordinators can join words
• Many people like cookies and milk.
• Some dont like ice cream or cake.
• They join phrases
• We study in the morning and in the afternoon.
• There are labs on the third floor but not on the
  first.

Does the boy really want a cookie?
16
Can you use the coordinators?

• Use and, but, or
• The book is in the library __ not in her office.
• I checked the library __ the office.
• It is not there it must be in my car __ at my
  house.

Can the man find one book with his eyes covered?
17
What are correlative conjunctions?

• Correlatives link equal elements.
• They are always in pairs (twos)
• Both and
• Either or
• Neither nor
• Not only but also
• Whether or

Is love really just about watching TV together?
18
Can you use conjunctive pairs?

• Use both/and, either/or
• __ sleep more __ stop complaining about being
  tired.
• __ Miguel __ Rosa dislike long trips.
• We didnt see __ Sue __ Antonio there.
• The computer is __ on __ off.
• Tests are __ hard __ confusing.

Does TV make some people stay up late?
19
You can use conjunctive pairs.

• Either sleep more or stop complaining about being
  tired.
• Both Miguel and Rosa dislike long trips.
• We didnt see either Sue or Antonio there.
• The computer is either on or off.
• Tests are both hard and confusing.

• The either-or pair is the emphatic form of
  just, plain or.
• Both-and is the way to underline and.
• Both of these conjunctive pairs allow us to
  highlight the relationship between the compared
  elements.

Do you use conjunctive pairs in your writing?
20
Can you use conjunctive pairs?

• Use neither/nor, not only/but also
• __ does Karla know algebra, __ she learned
  geometry.
• __ Amir __ Sheba write great essays.
• Your brother __ likes computing, __ he plans to
  major in the field.

Do some guys overuse their computers?
21
You can use conjunctive pairs.

• Not only does Karla know algebra, but lshe also
  learned geometry.
• Both Amir and Sheba write great essays.
• Your brother both likes computing, and he plans
  to major in the field.

• Karla knows algebra, and she learned geometry.
• Amir and Sheba write great essays.
• Your brother likes computing, and he plans to
  major in the field.

l
Dont conjunctive pairs sound more important?
22
Can you use paired conjunctions?

• Use whether/or, neither/nor
• __ you like it __ not, you must work.
• There are words to learn __ you want to __ dont
  want to.
• __ Bill __ Jenny are graduating yet.
• You can have __ the car __ the cash.

Does Little John have a good idea?
23
Are there other conjunctions?

• Besides the coordinating and the correlative
  conjunctions, there is still one other large
  class.
• In fact, most conjunctions are
• subordinating conjunctions.

What does it mean to be subordinate?
24
What are subordinators?

• Subordinators join lesser information to main
  clauses
• Students graduate college because they want
  better careers.
• They study hard although they dont make any
  money as college students.
• We will study more about subordinators next time.

Do cooks at McDonalds graduate college?
25
Are there other subordinators?

• Which of these words are also subordinators?
• If
• How
• Constantly
• When
• No way
• Before

Should she subordinate the packrats plans?
26
Overview of Sentence Types

• Writers use three sentence types
• Simple
• Coordinate
• Complex
• Simple sentences have just one clause
• College students write essays.
• Professors read them.

• Coordinate clauses link two equal clauses
• College students write essays, and professors
  read them.
• Professors grade essays, so students can see
  their progress.
• Complex clauses subordinate
• Since writing is vital, students do it well.
• Instructors highlight writing in order to promote
  student success.

College writers use a variety of sentence types!
27
What type of sentence is it?

• Is each sentence simple, joined, or complex?
• __ 1. Lower managers do the research, but middle
  managers compose the major reports.
• __2. Nursing students are required to read
  medical journal articles every week.
• __3. Since they are in higher studies, college
  juniors and seniors often write ten-page
  analyses.
• __4. They still have to take some objective
  exams, although their number is greatly reduced.
• __5. Few college students are seeking to work in
  hourly jobs.

28
What type of sentence it is.

• Each sentence is simple, joined, or complex
• J 1. Lower managers do the research, but middle
  managers compose the major reports.
• S 2. Nursing students are required to read
  medical journal articles every week.
• C 3. Since they are in higher studies, college
  juniors and seniors often write ten-page
  analyses.
• C 4. They still have to take some objective
  exams, although their number is greatly reduced.
• S 5. Few college students are seeking to work in
  hourly jobs.

29
What type of sentence is it?

• Is each sentence simple, joined, or complex?
• __ 1. Most companies require technical and formal
  reports, often with documentation.
• __2. Writing is a threshold skill for promotion
  poor writers cannot advance in their careers.
• __3. Employees who cannot write good reports must
  work as hourly and often manual laborers.
• __4. College writing is much more detailed and
  factual than high school writing.
• __5. Report writing features careful reasoning as
  management expects to read factual presentations.

30
What type of sentence is it?

• Each sentence is simple, joined, or complex
• S 1. Most companies require technical and formal
  reports, often with documentation.
• J 2. Writing is a threshold skill for promotion
  poor writers cannot advance in their careers.
• S 3. Employees who cannot write good reports must
  work as hourly and often manual laborers.
• S 4. College writing is much more detailed and
  factual than high school writing.
• C 5. Report writing features careful reasoning as
  management expects to read factual presentations.