Chapter 10 Curriculum Implementation

1
Chapter 10- Curriculum Implementation
2
Nature of Implementation

• Relationship to Planning
• Incrementalism
• Communication
• Support

3
Implementation as a Change Process

• Theory of Change
• Lovell and Wiles
• Lewins Force Field Analysis
• Change Typologies
• Bennis
• Chin
• McNeil
• Resistance to Change
• Improving Receptivity to Change

4
Lovell and Wiles

• Leadership
• Communication
• Release of Human Potential
• Problem Solving
• Evaluation

5
Lewins Force Field Analysis

• Driving Forces and Restraining Forces
• Three Stage Change Process

6
Bennis Types of Change

• Planned Change
• Coercion
• Interaction Change

7
Chins Change Strategies

• Empirical-Rational
• Normative-Reeducative
• Power Strategies

8
McNeils Complexity Typology

• Substitution
• Alteration
• Perturbations
• Restructuring
• Value-Orientation Changes

9
Resistance to Change

• Lack of ownership
• Lack of benefits
• Increased burdens
• Lack of administrative support
• Loneliness
• Insecurity

• Norm Incongruence
• Boredom
• Chaos
• Differential Knowledge
• Sudden wholesale change
• Unique points of resistance

10
Improving Receptivity to Change

• Curriculum activity must be cooperative
• Some people like to change some people do not
  like to change
• Innovations are subject to change
• Proper timing is a key to increasing peoples
  receptivity to change

11
Curriculum Implementation Models

• Overcoming Resistance to Change (ORC)
• Organizational Development (OD)
• Organizational Parts, Units, and Loops
• Educational Change Model

12
Overcoming Resistance to Change Model

• Ability to overcome staff resistance
• Power Equalization
• Ownership and Commitment

13
Organizational Development Model

• Improve the organizations problem solving and
  renewal process
• Emphasis on teamwork and organizational culture
• Curriculum implementation is ongoing and
  interactive

14
Organizational Parts, Units, and Loops

• Likerts Linking Pins
• Argyris Organizational Learning

15
Educational Change Model

• Fullens Factors Affecting Implementation

16
Key Players

• Students
• Teachers
• Supervisors
• Principals
• Curriculum Directors
• Curriculum Consultants
• Parents and Community