Homo ergaster and Homo erectus

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Homo ergaster and Homo erectus
Africa
Dmanasi, Republic of Georgia
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Pleistocene Evolution

• Getting from H. erectus to H. sapiens

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Millions of years
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Early Archaic Homo sapiens

• Classification complex unresolved
• Archaic H. sapiens appears c. 700,000 ybp
• Wide distribution, in the Old World excluding the
  far north
• Brow ridges prominent and arched
• Later forms have higher cranial vault and reduced
  tooth size.
• Mean brain size 1,330 cc
• Mean brain size of H. erectus 1,003 cc

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Archaic Homo sapiens
Prepared core technique
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A hypothetical phylogeny
?
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archaic Homo sapiens sites
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Archaic Homo sapiens with erectus-like features
Petralona, Greece Bodo, Ethiopia
Dali, China
Oldest of these three specimens 500,000 ybp,
Bodo, Ethiopia Homo heidelbergensis (to 700,000
ybp)
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Recent archaics Neandertals

• Lived in a time-range 100,000 - 28,000 ya
• Shared Europe with modern H. sapiens for c.
  12,000 yrs.
• Height 4.9 - 5.6 ft.
• Weight 110 - 143 lb.
• Heavier bones, more muscular
• Differ in skull and extremities
• Mean brain size 1,445 cc

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Skull differences




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A Neandertal
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Neandertal teeth as tools
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Some Neandertal sites Note not in Africa
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Neandertal stone implements
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Artifacts of teeth and ivory Dated at 45,000
ya From a site in France Neandertal
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How to classify?
?