THE EVOLUTION OF GENUS HOMO - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 41
About This Presentation
Title:

THE EVOLUTION OF GENUS HOMO

Description:

EXAMPLE: Homo habilis at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania ... Skeletal remains discovered at Olduvai Gorge in 1986 by Don Johanson revealed ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:147
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 42
Provided by: DENN233
Learn more at: https://hhh.gavilan.edu
Category:
Tags: evolution | genus | homo | the | gorge

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: THE EVOLUTION OF GENUS HOMO


1
THE EVOLUTION OF GENUS HOMO
2
6 SPECIES OF HOMO
  • 1. HOMO habilis
  • 1. 2.3-1.5 mya
  • 2. East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia)
    southern Africa
  • 3. Increased brain size (680-800ml)
  • 4. Stone tools

3
EXAMPLE Homo habilis at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Skeletal remains discovered at Olduvai Gorge in
1986 by Don Johanson revealed limb sizes and
proportions nearly identical to australopithecines
Brain size face showed advances towards more
human-like form
4
6 SPECIES OF HOMO
  • 2. Homo ergaster
  • 1. 1.8-1.6 mya
  • 2. Lake Turkana, Kenya
  • 3. Increased Brain Size (800-880 ml)
  • 4. Thinner Skull with smaller facial bones (than
    Homo erectus)

5
EXAMPLE Turkana Boy Skeleton
  • 90 of skeleton of adolescent male found west of
    Lake Turkana in the mid 1980s
  • 1.6 mya, very modern skeleton, similar to that of
    fully modern human

6
6 SPECIES OF HOMO
  • 3. Homo Erectus
  • 1. 1.8 mya 33,000 ya
  • 2. Africa, then Russia, China, Java, Italy, etc.
    (p. 270-71)
  • 3. 50 increased brain size (900-1600 ml)
  • 4. Fire, clothing, shelters, cooking

7
Homo erectus Facial Morphology
8
EXAMPLE Peking Man Reconstruction
9
6 SPECIES OF HOMO
  • 4. Homo antecessor
  • 1. 780,000 ya
  • 2. Gran Dolina, Spain (oldest fossil humans in
    EU!)
  • 3. Increased Brain Size (1000 ml)
  • 4. Direct ancestor of H. heidelbergensis H.
    neanderthalensis (?)

10
EXAMPLE Homo antecessor
  • Mixture of "archaic" and "modern" traits, with
    especially modern-looking mid-face
  • Other features are not unique could be
    considered a form of European H. erectus

11
6 SPECIES OF HOMO
  • 5. Homo heidelbergensis
  • 1. 130,000 ya 700,000 ya
  • 2. Germany, China, Ethiopia, Greece, Hungary,
    Zambia, etc. (p.289)
  • 3. Increased Brain Size (1000-1400 ml)
  • 4. Prepared Core tools, wooden spears, dealt
    with changing environments

12
EXAMPLE The Steinheim Cranium
The Steinheim specimen excavated in the 1930s
from Germany 1st archaic cranium discovered in
Europe
13
Archaic Homo sapiens
  • Hominids with larger brains more modern cranial
    features than classic H. erectus
  • Recently divided into Homo antecessor
    heidelbergensis
  • Taxonomy is problematic some fossils could be H.
    erectus, others could be direct ancestors of
    later Neanderthals or pre-modern forms of H.
    sapiens

AFRICAN ARCHAICS
Kabwe, Zambia
Bodo, Ethiopia
EUROPEAN ARCHAICS
Arago, France
Petroloma, Greece
14
6 SPECIES OF HOMO
  • 6. Homo neanderthalensis
  • 1. 28,000 ya 225,000 ya
  • 2. Belgium, Croatia, Germany, France, Iraq,
    Israel, Italy (p.297)
  • 3. Increased Brain Size (1200-1700 ml)
  • 4. Retouched flakes (tool use), big game
    hunters, buried dead, cave art, early language?,
    compassion

15
EXAMPLE Original Neanderthal Skullcap
16
Neanderthal Features
17
Neanderthal Adaptations
18
Modern Human Regional Variation
African
European-SW Asian
East Asian
Australian
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
Recent Research Mungo Man
  • Part of mDNA extracted recently from bones of a
    60,000 year old modern Homo sapiens skeleton
    found in 1974 on the shores of Lake Mungo in
    Australia
  • Oldest DNA extracted from a human so far!
  • Comparison of this DNA with that of 9 other
    ancient Australian skeletons, 2 Neandertals, and
    3,453 contemporary people from around the world
    indicates "Mungo Man" had a unique genetic
    marker
  • Indicates that a now lost genetic line of modern
    Homo sapiens existed in Australia BEFORE arrival
    of later Australian Aborigines
  • This evidence provides significant support for
    rejecting the "out of Africa" complete
    replacement model of modern Homo sapiens evolution

31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36
(No Transcript)
37
(No Transcript)
38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
(No Transcript)
41
(No Transcript)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com