Internet Chapter

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Internet Chapter

• What is the Internet
• History of the Internet
• How data travels on the Internet
• Anatomy of a URL
• Purpose of a Web Browser
• DNS (Domain Naming System)
• New Applications of the Internet

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• A collection of computers and devices connected
  together via communications media such as cables,
  telephone lines, and modems.
• LAN /MAN/WAN
• The Internet is the worlds largest collection of
  computer networks.

Network
Local Area Network
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Just remember

• It took 38 years for radio to reach 50 million
  users
• 13 years for television to reach 50 million users
• Less than 4 years for the Web to do the same!
• By 2010, about 80 of the planet will be on the
  Internet

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History of the Internet
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History of the Internet
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History of the Internet

• Who controls the Internet?

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How the Internet Works

• High-speed connection

• Slow-speed technology

• Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a
  standard telephone line to connect to the
  Internet

Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone
Internet services (CATV), cable modem,fixed
wireless, and satellite modems
Connection is always onwhenever the computer
is running
Connection must be established each time you log
on. Slow but inexpensive
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How you Access the Internet

• Service Providers (SP) enable Internet?

• ISP, Regional or National SP
• OSP (AOL and MSN, for example)
• Wireless Internet Service Provider

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How Does the Internet Work?

• Protocols
• Rules/standards
• Establish connections between two or more
  computers
• Internet backbone
• The main Internet pathways and connections
• Internet service providers (ISP)
• Provide users with access to the Internet

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Internet Protocols

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• Internet
• A packet switching network
• IP address
• Four numbers (0 to 255) separated by periods,
  such as 64.233.161.104
• Domain names
• Associated English names assigned to IP addresses
  

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Domain name

• Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address

• What is a domain name?

• Number that uniquely identifies each computer or
  device connected to Internet

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Domain Name System

• Converts domain names into IP addresses
• Without the DNS, the Internet would crash
• One of the largest, distributed databases on the
  planet
• Every domain name has a domain name server
  somewhere that handles its requests

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Packet Switching

• Data is sent out in sequence
• Small chunks (packets) of data
• Packets are passed from node to node

"Packet switching is the breaking down of data
into datagrams or packets that are labeled to
indicate the origin and the destination of the
information and the forwarding of these packets
from one computer to another computer until the
information arrives at its final destination
computer. This was crucial to the realization of
a computer network. If packets are lost at any
given point, the message can be resent by the
originator."
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The World Wide Web
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The World Wide Web

• How do handheld computers and cellular telephones
  access the Web?

• Use a microbrowser that displays Web pages that
  contain mostly text
• Must be Internet-enabled

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The World Wide Web

• What is downloading?

• The process of a computer receiving information
• Depending upon connection speed, downloading can
  take from a few seconds to several minutes

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The World Wide Web

• Lets you find information by clicking links
  rather than entering keywords

• Search tool with organized set of topics and
  subtopics

• What is a subject directory?

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The World Wide Web

• What is a search engine?

• Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by
  entering words or phrases called search text

• Also called a keyword

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The World Wide Web

• What are the eleven basic types of Web sites?

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The World Wide Web

• A Web site that offers a variety of services from
  one, convenient location, usually for free

• What is a portal?

• Searching, sports, e-mail, news, weather,
  auctions, Web communities (Web sites that join
  people with similar interests)

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The World Wide Web

• Business that gathers and organizes Web content
  and then distributes, or feeds, the content to
  subscribers for free or a fee

• What is a content aggregator?

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The World Wide Web

• What is streaming audio?

The process oftransferring audioin a
continuousand even flow
Enables you tolisten to musicas it downloadsto
your computer
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The World Wide Web

• What are plug-ins?

• Programs that extend the capability of a
  browser
• You can download many plug-ins at nocost from
  variousWeb sites

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Web Publishing
Development and maintenance of Web pages

• What is Web publishing?

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E-Commerce

• Short for electronic commerce
• Business transaction that occurs over the
  Internet

• What is E-commerce?

Business to consumer (B2C)Sale of goods to
general public
Consumer to consumer (C2C)One consumer sells
directly to another
Business to business (B2B)Business providing
goods andservices to other businesses
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Other Internet Services

• What is FTP?

• File Transfer ProtocolInternet standard that
  allows you to upload and download files with
  other computers on the Internet

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Other Internet Services

• What is instant messaging (IM)?

• A real-time Internet communications service that
  notifies you when one or more people are online
  and allows you to exchange messages or files

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Additional LES Rules

• Never send out E-Mail that you would not want to
  become public
• Never send abusive, threatening, harassing or
  bigoted messages
• Do not type in UPPERCASE.
• This is called shouting and perceived to be
  offensive.
• Use a normal mix of upper and lowercase letters
• Think twice before sending E-Mail. You cannot
  get it back.
• Personal notes should not sent via e-mail