The Internet and Web

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The Internet and Web

• Internet Technology
• Internet Communications
• Web technology
• Web Applications

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4.1 Internet Technology

• What is the Internet?

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What is the Internet?
Visualization of the Internets topology from
http//www.cybergeography.org/atlas/topology.html

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A Brief History of the Internet

• Listen to ethan zuckerman as he talks about the
  history of the Internet

http//www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/
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Internet Growth
The Web arrives
www.internetworldstats.com
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Internet Hardware

• The Internet backbone consists of the main
  pathways and connections of the Internet owned
  primarily by telecom companies.

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone
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Internet Hardware
Network Service Providers Network Service Providers
27.9 Verizon/MCI/UUNET
10.0 ATT
6.5 Sprint
6.3 Genuity (level 3)
4.1 PSINet
3.5 Cable Wireless
2.8 XO Communications
2.6 Verio
1.5 Qwest

• Network Service Providers
• Major telecom companies that provide the Internet
  backbone.

http//navigators.com/isp.html
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Internet Hardware

• Points of Presence (POPs)
• Facilities provided by Network Service Providers
  that allow users to connect to the Internet
  backbone.
• Internet Service Providers
• Companies that provide users with access to the
  Internet.
• Dial-up vs. DSS vs. Cell vs. DSL vs. Cable

Top 22 ISPs http//www.isp-planet.com/research/
rankings/usa.html
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Internet Hardware

• Routers computing devices that manage network
  traffic by evaluating data packets and routing
  them to their destination.

http//computer.howstuffworks.com/router1.htm
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Packet Switching

• A packet switching network divides all network
  data into small packets for faster, more
  efficient delivery.

An email message
Dear Joan, Hi! Hows it goin? Just finished
midterms, and it looks like I might graduate this
semester after all! -) My computer teacher is
really great and I guess that I learned more than
I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had
previously written you about.
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Packet Switching
Divided into packets
Dear Joan, Hi! Hows it goin? Just finished
midterms, and it
looks like I might graduate this semester after
all! -) My computer teacher is really great and
I guess that I
learned more than I thought in those wonderful
lectures that I had previously written you about.
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Packet Switching
Packet headers added
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Packet Switching
Each packet sent individually over the network
Demo at http//acns.fsu.edu/zeisler/usedu.html
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Packet Switched Network
Router
Router
Router
Router
email
Router
Router
email
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Circuit Switched Network
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Packet Switching

• Packet switching is much more efficient than
  circuit switching.

Technology Networking/Telecoms Wednesday 28
May 2003 Sprint moves to packet-switch
networkSprint is to change its entire
circuit-switched telephone network to packet
technology in an attempt to keep up with customer
demand for capacity. Sprint's eight million lines
will be moved over to the packet-based
asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) system, allowing
voice, video and data to be broken down into
small digital blocks and sent, in effect,
simultaneously.This allows the network to be used
more efficiently, and will also allow new
multimedia services, Sprint said. Sprint is the
first major telecoms company to move all of its
local, tandem and long-distance networks over to
packet technology, according to Nortel
Networks spokeswoman Ann Fuller.
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Internet Protocols

• Protocols are rules that govern how data is
  transmitted and received.
• They govern all Network and Internet
  communications
• The Internet
• The Web
• Email
• Instant Messaging
• Etc.

Ports are numeric addresses assigned to specific
network services, and used in packet headers to
direct data packets to the appropriate service.
See http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_U
DP_port_numbers
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Internet Protocols

• TCP/IP
• Transaction Control Protocol (TCP) Divides data
  into packets for transmission, and reassembles
  data from packets upon delivery.
• Internet Protocol (IP) Controls the delivery of
  packets between IP addresses.
• IP Address
• a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or
  receiver of information that is sent in packets
  across the Internet.
• 10000000.11111111.10110101.00010111
• 128.255.181.29
• www.fsu.edu
• http//checkip.dyndns.org/

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Network Architectures

• Client/Server

• Peer-to-Peer

Original Napster vs. Kazaa
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4.2 Web Technology

• What is the Web?

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The Web

• The World Wide Web is an Internet-based service
  that provides convenient access to information
  through hyperlinks.

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Web Protocols Standards

• HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol defines and
  controls communication between Web server and
  client (Web browser).
• URL Uniform Resource Locator is the fancy name
  for a Web address.

http//www.cs.fsu.edu/baldauf/presentations/swt/2
/index.html
http//www.icann.org/
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Web Protocols Standards

• HTML Hypertext Markup Language is the formatting
  language used to define the appearance of Web
  pages.
• Try View Source in IE
• XML New and popular standard for describing and
  classifying data in Web pages and other Web
  services.

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Web Protocols Standards

• Many of todays popular applications store files
  in XML format for easy data sharing.

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Web-Authoring Software

• Web Authoring Software allows you to create HTML
  documents using word-processor-like software

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Programming the Web

• Cookies are data generated by a Web server, and
  stored on your computer.
• Used to target marketing or customize a webpage
  when you next visit the server.

Demowww.amazon.com IE/Tools/Options/Settings/
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Web Browser Plug-Ins

• A plug-in is a program that works with the
  browser to offer extended services typically the
  ability to view animations or video, listen to
  music, or interact with the Webpage.
• Popular plug-ins include Flash, Quicktime
  latest Windows Media Player.

Demoshttp//harrypotter.warnerbros.com http//ge
titnow.vzwshop.com/vcast.home.do http//www.toyota
.com/vehicles/2005/prius/int360.html
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Web Browser Plug-Ins

• Content streaming allows media files to play
  while they are being delivered by the Web server.

www.movies.com
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4.3 Internet and Web Applications

• How are they used?

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The Internet Web
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Web Tools

• Search Engines Helps us find information on the
  Web through keyword searches of databases built
  by spiders or crawlers (http//a9.com/).
• Subject Directories A catalog of sites collected
  and organized by people.
• Portals Web pages that serve as entry points to
  the Web.

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Communication and Collaboration

• Face to Face
• Video Voice
• Voice Only
• Text Only

Effectiveness
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Communication and Collaboration

• Synchronous Communication takes place in real
  time.
• Phone conversation
• Instant Messaging
• Asynchronous Communication allows participants to
  leave messages to be accessed whenever.
• Voice mail
• Email
• SMS Texting

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Communication and Collaboration
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Researchers at Caltechs VRVS lab are able to
video Conference from 36,000 feet above the
Pacific Ocean.
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Communication and Collaboration

• Text based Communication
• Email
• Attachments
• Instant messaging (IM)
• Chat

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Worlds Chat with avatars in a 3D virtual
environmnt
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Communication and Collaboration
RSS (Really Simple Syndication) A web-content
distribution technology

• Blogs (Web logs) are websites created to express
  one or more individuals views on a given topic
  (ie. http//www.bloglines.com/topblogs)
• A blog aggregator is software that allows you to
  subscribe to numerous blogs (ie.
  http//www.bradsoft.com/feeddemon/)
• A Podcast is an audio file that contains a
  recorded broadcast distributed over the Internet
  for use on PC or Mobile media device.
• Podcast Aggregator provides access to podcasts
  that may be set to automatically download to your
  PC (iTunes).

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Communication and Collaboration

• Vlog (Vodcast)
• Video-based blogs (www.vlogdir.com/)
• Consumer Generated Media is the recent trend of
  the general public capturing and reporting the
  news.

How does consumer genereated media compare to
main stream media?
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Voice over IP (VoIP)

• Technology that enables network managers to route
  phone calls over the same network they use for
  data.

Future of Phones http//newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/v
ideo_audio_archive/?all
Also see Video Telephony
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Residential VoIP

• Residential VoIP, Broadband Phone
• Phone service over a broadband Internet
  connection.

http//www.voipchoices.com/vonage.html
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Video Conferencing

• Video conferencing is a technology that combines
  video and voice communications along with
  document sharing.

Telecommunications is the process of working from
locations away from the office by using
telecommunications technologies.
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News and Information

• On-line news services allow you to drill-down
  into the story to get background information and
  details.

Webcasting uses the Web to deliver news video
footage.
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Education and Training

• Life-long learning is your future

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E-commerce

• E-commerce has opened up new opportunities in
  buying and selling.

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Travel

• The Web has transformed the travel industry.

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Employment and Careers

• The Web assists us in researching career
  possibilities
• Selecting a career
• Researching companies
• Networking with colleagues
• Searching want ads
• Creating Resumes Professional Websites

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Information
Consumers are increasingly reliant upon online
resources to ease and inform major life events.

• Research on the Web
• Subject Directories, and Search Engines
• Issues of reliability
• Library Web sites
• Research Databases

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The Future Internet

• Internet2 is a research and development
  consortium led by over 200 U.S. universities and
  supported by partnerships with industry and
  government to develop and deploy advanced network
  applications and technologies for tomorrows
  Internet.
• The National LambdaRail (NLR), or Internet3 is a
  cross country, high-speed fiber-optic network
  dedicated to researching high-speed networking
  applications.

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High-Speed Internet Applications

• Interactive Collaboration

Long distance collaboration and
education. www.accessgrid.com/
Two dancers in different locations dance together.
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High-Speed Internet Applications

• Real-time access to remote Resources

Scientists can control the astronomical
telescopes at Gemini observatories in Hawaii and
Chile from any location on Internet2.
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High-Speed Internet Applications

• Large-scale Multisite Computation and Data Mining
• Shared Virtual Reality

Consider the future of www.secondlife.com
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Chapter 4 Questions?