Chapter 4 Computer Software

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Chapter 4Computer Software
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Learning Objectives

• Describe several important trends occurring in
  computer software.
• Give examples of major types of application and
  system software.
• Explain the purpose of several popular software
  packages for end user productivity and
  collaborative computing.
• Define and describe the functions of an operating
  system.
• Describe the main uses of computer programming
  software, tools, and languages

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Software

• A single program or a collection of programs
  which performs many task and/or system related
  functions
• Two types of software
• Application
• System

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Application Software

• Personal Information Manager
• Groupware
• Organizational
• Inter-organizational

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Personal Information Manager and Groupware

• Personal Information Manager (PIM)
• Software for end user productivity and
  collaboration
• Store information about clients, schedules,
  manage appointments, manage tasks
• E.g., Lotus Organizer, Microsoft Outlook
• Groupware
• Software that helps workgroups collaborate on
  group assignments
• E-mail, discussion groups, databases,
  videoconferencing
• E.g., Lotus Notes, Novell GroupWise, Microsoft
  Exchange

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Organizational Inter-organizational

• Organizational
• They assist typical organizational tasks
• Payroll, TPS
• ERP,CRM
• Web-based management systems
• Inter-organizational
• They provide links or cooperation between
  organizations
• B2B system
• EDI, SCM

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Overview of Computer Software
Computer Software
Application Software
System Software
General Purpose Application Programs
System Development Programs
Application- Specific Programs
System Management Programs
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Software development

• Custom software
• Software applications that are developed within
  an organization for use by that organization
• COTS software
• Commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS)
• Classify based on how it was developed
• Software developed with the intention of selling
  the software in multiple copies
• Outsourced software

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Software Development Selection

• Why would you choose ?
• Custom (in source)
• COTS (off-the-shelf)
• outsourced?

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General-PurposeApplication Programs

• Software Suites and Integrated Packages

Oracle E-Business Suite
Word Excel PowerPoint Access Outlook
WordPro 1-2-3 Freelance Approach Organizer
WordPerfect Quattro Pro Presentations Paradox
Corel Central
StarWriter StarCalc StarImpress StarBase StarS
chedule
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Electronic Spreadsheets and Presentation Graphics

• Electronic Spreadsheets
• Worksheet of rows and columns
• Used for calculations and charts
• E.g., Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Excel, Corel
  QuattroPro
• Presentation Graphics
• Convert numeric data into graphics displays
• Prepare multimedia presentations including
  graphics, photos, animation, and video clips
• E.g., Microsoft PowerPoint, Lotus Freelance,
  Corel Presentations

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General-PurposeApplication Programs

• Web Browsers
• Electronic Mail and Instant Messaging (IM)
• Word Processing and Desktop Publishing
• Electronic Spreadsheets
• Database Management
• Presentation Graphics
• Personal Information Managers
• Groupware Collaboration Software

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General-PurposeApplication Programs

• Application Service Providers (ASPs)

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System SoftwareComputer System Management

• Software Interface Between End Users and
  Computers

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System Software

• Operating Systems
• Utility software
• Network Software

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Operating Systems

• The User Interface
• Command-Driven
• Menu-Driven
• Graphical User Interface

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OS contain two parts

• Supervisory
• Stays in main memory
• Transient
• Can be swapped back and forth from secondary
  memory

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Operating Systems
User Interface
End User Systems and Network Communications
Resource Management
Task Management
File Management
Utilities and Other Functions
Managing Data and Program Files
Providing a Variety of Support Services
Managing the Use of Hardware Resources
Managing the Accomplishment Of Tasks
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Operating Systems

• Resource Management
• Virtual Memory
• File Management
• Task Management
• Multitasking,
• Multiprocessing
• Multi-user programming

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Popular Operating Systems

• Windows
• GUI, multitasking, networking, multimedia
• Microsofts operating system
• Different versions manage servers
• Vista
• Windows XP
• Windows NT
• Windows Server 2003
• Windows 2000
• Unix
• Multitasking, multiuser, network-managing
• Portable can run on mainframes, midrange and
  PCs
• Solaris by Sun
• AIX by IBM

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Popular Operating Systems

• Linux
• Low-cost, powerful reliable Unix-like operating
  system
• Open-source
• Free
• Freeware
• Novell SUSE Linux
• Red Hat
• VA Linux
• MAC OS X
• Apple operating system for the iMac
• GUI, multitasking, multimedia

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Programming Languages
Machine Languages
Assembler Languages
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Programming Languages
High-Level Languages
Fourth-Generation Languages
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Objects

• What are objects?

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Programming Languages
Object-Oriented Languages
Withdraw (amount)
Calculate Interest
Print Monthly Statement
Current Account Balance
Get Owner
Get Balance
Deposit (amount)
Savings Account Object
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Object-oriented Programming Languages

• Web Languages and Services
• HTML
• XML
• JAVA
• Platform Independence
• Program Applets
• JAVA2 Enterprise Edition
• Microsoft .NET Software

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Language Translator Programs

• Translate instructions written in programming
  languages into machine language
• Assembler
• translates assembler language statements
• Compiler
• translates high-level language statements
• Interpreter
• compiler that translates and executes each
  statement in a program one at a time

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Errors (Bugs)

• Logical
• Syntax
• Execution

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E-mail, Instant Messaging and Weblogs

• E-mail
• Software to communicate by sending and receiving
  messages and attachments via the Internet,
  intranet or extranet
• Instant messaging (IM)
• Receive electronic messages instantly
• Weblog or blog
• A personal website in dated log format
• Updated with new information about a subject or
  range of subjects
• Myspace

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Programming Languages
J2EE and .NET Compared
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Program Development Process

• Determine Program specs
• Work with users
• I/O layout
• Processing requirements
• Use Program Planning Tools
• Analyze the problem using
• Flow Charts
• Pseudo code
• Structured charts
• CASE tools

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Programming Development Process

• Code and enter Program
• Code programs logic into programming language
• Compile the program
• Test for errors (syntax, run execution)
• Test the program for correctness (GIGO)
• Processing
• Robustness
• Documentation

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FLOW CHARTS

• Symbolic representation of programs logic
• Pre defined symbols are used to analyze programs
  logic

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Programming Logic

• Sequence
• Selection
• Looping (Iteration)

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• Case 2/p128