Levels of Measurement

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Levels of Measurement
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Measurement Levels

• Nominal categories only
• Ordinal categories ranks
• Interval categories, ranks, measurable
  differences
• Ratio all of the above, plus a true zero point

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Examples of Nominal Variables

• Sex
• Race
• Religion
• Party I.D.

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Examples of Ordinal Variables

• Grouped (collapsed) ratio variables
• Age categories
• Income categories
• Percentage categories
• Likert items (SA A N/N D SD)
• High, medium, low rankings

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Examples of Ratio Variables

• Ungrouped continuous items
• Time-related variables (age, years of education)
• Money (income, revenues, expenditures)
• Percentages
• Counting or summated scales (How many times
  does the respondent )

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