MARINE OIL SPILL WORKERS SAFETY

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MARINE OIL SPILL WORKERS SAFETY
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Introduction

• It is not one of the mandates of the Canadian
  Coast Guard Auxiliary to assist with oil spills.
• In addition most vessels are RHIBs, and the tube
  materials do not react well with oil .
• This presentation is primarily for information
  only.

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Safety Overview
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Safety Overview

• There are numerous kinds of shoreline cleanup
  methods, each involving a variety of worker
  skills and work site hazards.
• It is important that the response organisation is
  aware of their personnels skills, health, and
  accident notification information.

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Safety Overview

• It is the employers responsibility to ensure that
  their workers
• have safe working conditions
• know and practice safe operating procedures
• are supplied with appropriate personal protective
  equipment and clothing, and are trained in its
  use

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Safety Overview

• Are aware of emergency communications,
  transportation, facilities and supplies

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Safety Overview

• Safety is the result of cooperation, everyone
  working a safe manner and watching out for each
  other.
• The Supervisor will ensure that site specific
  hazards are identified and that employees are
  instrcuted in the safe use of any additional
  equipment they may reqiuire, such as respirators,
  radios, fire extinguishers, etc.

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Safety Overview

• The employee is responsible for
• Know their job
• Know who to report to
• Work safely

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Safety Overview - Site Orientation

• Supervisors will conduct site specific hazard
  assessments, so that can orient the employee to
• Work location
• Specific Hazards
• Safety Procedures
• Emergency Communications

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Safety Overview - Site Orientation

• The supervisor should spend a few minutes with
  each cleanup crew each morning reviewing safety
  issues.
• These daily pre-job meetings are a good
  opportunity for employees to ask questions and
  raise concerns with their supervisor.

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Safety Overview - General Safety Guidelines

• Before the employee begins work
• Report to their supervisor
• Be aware of their work location
• Clearly understand assigned activities
• Ensure they are trained and fit
• Be sure their buddy is available to provide
  assistance - do not work alone

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Safety Overview - General Safety Guidelines

• Know location of First Aid supplies and qualified
  medical attendants
• Know location of radio/ line communication
  systems
• Know emergency transportation procedures
• Be aware of any hazards related to the working
  environment

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Safety Overview - General Safety Guidelines

• Safe work practices
• Use the safety materials, equipment, devices and
  clothing intended for employee protection
• Follow safe job procedures
• Report anything that is felt to be hazardous or
  potentially hazardous

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Safety Overview - General Safety Guidelines

• Report accidents immediately to their supervisor
• Do not wander off the work site, in remote areas
  where one might get lost, or in populated areas
  as it may be considered trespassing

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Safety Overview - Buddy System

• The Buddy system involves a minimum of two people
  working as a team within the team.
• Three Simple Rules
• Keep ones buddy insight at all times
• Always be able to communicate with their buddy
  verbally or with universal hand signals

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Safety Overview - Buddy System

• Watch their buddy for signs of fatigue or
  exposure to cold or heat
• Alert the buddy to these and other work related
  hazards

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Safety Overview - Universal Hand Signals

• Signal Meaning
• Hand clutching throat Out of air
• Cant breath
• Hands on top of head Need assistance
• Thumbs up Okay
• I understand
• Im alright
• Thumbs Down No
• Negative
• Grip partners wrist or place both Leave area
  immediately
• hands around partners wrist

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Safety Overview

• Remember work as a team and work safely

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Characteristics of Petroleum Products
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General Hazards of Petroleum Products

• Petroleum products that could reach our
  shorelines as a result of a marine oil spill
  include
• Light to volatile oils, such as gasoline
• Moderate to heavy oils, like diesel, lubricating
  oils and Bunker C.

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General Hazards of Petroleum Products

• During the site orientation, it is the
  responsibility of the supervisor to inform you of
  the type and nature of the oil being handled, and
  the clean up chemicals you might be exposed to.

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Material Safety Data Sheet

• The supervisor is responsible for providing
  information on the dangers associated with the
  various petroleum products or clean up chemicals
  and solvents that may be come in contact with.
  All instructions for self protection against
  exposure to these substances can be found on a
  Material Safety Data Sheet.

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Material Safety Data Sheet

• There is a right to know about all dangers
  related to any hazardous materials present at a
  clean up site. The supervisor has access to
  copies of Material Safety Data Sheets which will
  be made available on request.

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Properties of Petroleum

• Petroleum is an organic liquid primarily
  containing hydrocarbons with smaller percentages
  of sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen. Trace metals can
  also be found. The constituents can be vapour,
  liquid or solid.

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Properties of Petroleum

• Gaseous and volatile liquid elements are highly
  flammable and toxic
• Crude petroleum which is weathered is not
  flammable

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Properties of Petroleum

• As the spilled petroleum becomes weathered, it
  become emulsified and forms a mousse like
  consistency.
• This material adheres to rocks, logs, wharves and
  other objects, creating a slippery hazard for
  shoreline workers.

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Properties of Petroleum

• During some of oil spill clean up operations, one
  may be exposed to some petroleum products such as
  solvents or harsh detergents that may be used.
  The application of these substances will only be
  done by trained specialists.

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Petroleum Vapours

• The most basic safety consideration related to
  petroleum products is how recent the spill is .
  If it is fresh, there may be a lot of explosive
  vapours, or vapours that are very unhealthy to
  breathe.

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Petroleum Vapours

• It is important to be aware of the hazards
  associated with vapours and obtain approval from
  the supervisor before going into a work site.
• Petroleum vapours are generally heavier than air.
  Even light gases may, when cold, be initially
  heavier than air.

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Petroleum Vapours

• Vapours tend to flow to and accumulate in low
  places such as
• Caves Holes Pits
• Trenches Sewers Drains
• Inside dykes Under docks
• In the bottom of vessels
• Under piled logs

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Petroleum Vapours

• Be aware.
• Vapours can travel great distances. The dangers
  are not always apparent for example, vapours can
  be trapped beneath a hard crust and released
  during shoreline cleaning.
• Therefore it is important that one works only in
  the areas posted safe for entry.

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Controlled Sites

• Certain areas of a shoreline clean up operation
  are controlled sites. Only authorized and
  trained personnel may enter these areas. They are
  generally marked by yellow tape or signage.
• Do not cross any barrier unless authorized

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Controlled Sites

• Encourage spectators to keep clear of the
  operation and hazards involved
• Inform your supervisor if you suspect
  unauthorized people on the work site

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Confined Spaces

• Confined spaces such as caves and under piles of
  logs pose a particularly serious vapour exposure
  concern for shoreline workers.

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Confined Spaces

• Confined spaces may accumulate harmful vapour
  concentrations from decomposing organic matter,
  equipment exhaust fumes and spilled oil, thereby
  reducing the amount of oxygen in the air

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Symptoms of Exposure

• The following list outlines some general signs
  and symptoms that indicate vapour exposure
• Dulled sense of smell Nausea
• Mental confusion Dizziness
• Shortness of breath Headaches
• Loss of consciousness Eye irritation
• Diminished sense of responsibility

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Symptoms of Exposure

• Everyone has different tolerance levels to
  vapours.
• If you are at all bothered by petroleum vapours
  report immediately to the supervisor. Medical
  attention may be required.

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Hydrogen Sulphide

• Hydrogen Sulphide is a toxic vapour associated
  with some petroleum products. It can be lethal.
• At lower concentrations, the vapour smells like
  rotten eggs. First you smell it, then you dont,
  but it could still be there. Hydrogen Sulphide
  dimishes the sense of smell by attacking the
  nervous system.

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Hydrogen Sulphide

• Remember, the absence of smell does NOT mean the
  absence of petroleum vapour. If there is a danger
  of hyydrogen sulphide vapours being present,
  frequent testing of the clean up site will be
  done.

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Hydrogen Sulphide

• Safety Precautions
• Work upwind from oiled areas
• Do not assume that gases and vapours are harmless
  because they lack odour
• Do not enter confined spaces until tested and
  posted safe for entry
• If instructed, use approved respirators according
  to directions provided

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Hydrogen Sulphide

• While it is important for ones safety to be
  aware of the dangers associated with petroleum
  vapours, rest assured the dangers of working
  with these products diminishes from the time the
  spill occurs.
• Workers are not permitted onto the work site
  until the area has been thoroughly tested and
  posted safe for entry.

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Exposure to Petroleum Products

• Common routes of exposure
• Inhalation
• Aspiration
• Ingestion
• Skin contact

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Inhalation

• Inhalation of petroleum products is the act of
  drawing fumes or vapours into the lungs

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Aspiration

• Aspiration is the act of breathing petroleum
  products, in liquid form, into the lungs.
• Aspiration of petroleum products may cause
  serious lung problems such as pneumonia or
  pneumonia edema, and can be fatal.

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Aspiration

• Pneumonia edema is the build up of fluid in the
  lungs, which can actually drown the respiratory
  system.
• Petroleum may be aspired by
• Falling into petroleum laden waters
• Breathing petroleum mist or spray

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Ingestion

• Inadvertent ingesting of oil can occur when food
  or cigarettes are handled with contaminated.
  Always wash with soap and water before eating or
  smoking.
• If a considerable of petroleum is ingested, do
  not induce vomiting. Report to the supervisor.
  Medical attention may be required.

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Skin Contact

• Skin contact is usually the main exposure to oil
  during shoreline clean up operations
• Any petroleum product can cause skin cause skin
  problems when absorbed directly through the skin
  layers, hair follicles and glands.

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Skin Contact

• Contact with the natural degreasing agents in
  most petroleum products can cause
• Dermatitis
• Oil Acne
• Prolonged exposure to petroleum products can lead
  to harmful short and long term health effects

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Skin Contact

• Measures to prevent exposure
• Wear oil resistant gloves with cotton inner
  gloves
• Apply protective gels and creams that reduce skin
  penetration and improve skin cleaning
• Wear oil resistant coveralls or rain gear
• Wear approved footwear

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Skin Contact

• Wear approved eye or face protection
• When using rags or sorbent pads to remove
  splashes, change them frequently
• Do not keep oily rags or sorbent pads in your
  pockets

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Skin Contact

• Response to skin contact with petroleum products
• Remove it as quickly as practical
• Use soap and water, or specially prepared cleaner
• Do not use harsh soaps. They cause skin
  irritation

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Other Precautions

• Warming Fires
• Warming fires can only be lit if you have
  approval from the supervisor. While comforting,
  these fires can be a source of ignition for oily
  clothing, wastes and other debris.
• Due to the potential of inhaling emissions, do
  not burn any oily wood or debris in a warming
  fire.

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Other Precautions

• Smoking
• Smoking is not permitted on the work site, due to
  the potential of explosion. Smoking is only
  permitted in designated areas.
• Lighters and Matches
• Do not carry lighters or matches onto the work
  site.

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Other Precautions

• Electronic Equipment
• Where designated by the site safety supervisor,
  intrinsically safe equipment, hand held radios
  and flashlights will be utilized at a work site.
• Do not bring electronic equipment or flashlights
  onto the work site unless approved by the
  supervisor

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Personal Protective Equipment
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Personal Protective Equipment

• The petroleum products and crude oils that you
  may encounter on a shoreline cleanup operation
  may contain substances that can cause harmful
  short and long term health effects.
• The personal protective equipment and clothing
  assigned is designed to help reduce the chances
  of exposure to these substances .

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Types of Personal Protective Equipment

• Approved face mask and eye protection must be
  worn when there is any risk of face or eye injury
• During sunny periods tinted safety glasses and
  sunscreen that provide high UV protection are
  recommended.

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Types of Personal Protective Equipment

• Approved protective footwear must be worn by all
  response personnel while on the work site.
• Check that footwear is approved with the
  supervisor.

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Types of Personal Protective Equipment

• Respiratory protection is generally not required
  for a shoreline cleanup operation
• In any instance where protection from vapours is
  required, the employee will be provided with
  respiratory protection and instructed in its use.

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Types of Personal Protective Equipment

• Approved hearing protection should be used in
  high noise level areas such as around heavy
  equipment, aircraft, operating vac-trucks,
  generators, engines and powerpacks
• Properly worn hearing protectors reduce noise
  exposure without affecting voice communications.

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Types of Personal Protective Equipment

• Approved head protection is required where there
  is potential of being struck from above or
  striking something overhead.

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Types of Personal Protective Equipment

• Oil resistant gloves will be worn by all response
  personnel to prevent oil contamination and reduce
  skin exposure and abrasions.

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Types of Personal Protective Equipment

• Gloves may need to be taped to sleeves to prevent
  seepage. Cotton gloves are generally worn inside
  the outer gloves. For those with particularly
  sensitive skin, a protective gel or cream can be
  applied to the hands.

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Types of Personal Protective Equipment

• Approved lifejackets or Personal Flotation
  Devices
• These include
• Floater coats
• Floater vests
• Floater suits

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Types of Personal Protective Equipment

• Approved lifejackets or Personal Flotation
  Devices must be worn at all times when there is a
  risk of falling in the water.

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Types of Personal Protective Equipment

• Protective outerwear such as oil resistant
  coveralls or rain gear should be worn by all
  response personnel to prevent oil contacting the
  skin.
• Insulated inner clothing is the employees
  responsibility. Wear well insulated inner
  clothing such as woolen socks and sweaters as
  required.

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Decontamination and Inspection

• During work it is very likely that petroleum
  products will get onto the personal protective
  equipment and clothing.
• These contaminants should be removed after every
  shift.

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Decontamination

• Wipe off any oil with a sorbant pad or clean rag
• Inspect the personal protective equipment and
  clothing for rips, tears or other damage
• Do not dispose of or take away worn personal
  protective equipment or clothing

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Decontamination

• Let the supervisor know of ripped or worn
  personal protective clothing so that accurate
  inventory of materials and clothing can be
  maintained. The employee will be resupplied as
  needed.

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Decontamination

• Do not take personal protective equipment or
  clothing home. Personal protective equipment and
  clothing will be maintained and laundered by
  designated personnel.

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Decontamination

• Wear the personal protective equipment and
  clothing properly as it is for the employees
  protection and safety. Take good care of it, and
  it will take good care of you.

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Working Environment
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Working Environment

• To be able to work safely and to be safe at a
  shoreline clean up operation, it is important
  that the employee knows and understands the
  environmental and work site hazards you may be
  exposed to.

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Working Environment

• Some of the hazards that may be encountered
  include
• Slippery surfaces
• Poor weather conditions
• Noise exposure
• Wildlife
• Drugs, alcohol and unauthorized firearms

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Common Injury Causes

• Slips, trips, falls and strains are the most
  common cause of worker injury during a shoreline
  clean up operation

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Common Injury Causes

• Hazards
• Getting on and off boats (on the shore or at the
  dock
• Walking on rough terrain
• Walking on beaches slippery with oil, seaweed or
  ice
• Handling oily wastes and hand tools

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Common Injury Causes

• Preventative measures
• Wear approved footwear
• Do not climb rocks
• Warn co-workers of potential dangers or hazards
• Avoid stepping on hoses, wires and ropes -
  theymay be under tension and can move or tangle
  unexpectectly

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Common Injury Causes

• Handle equipment properly
• Do not overlaod the bags with watse material
• Lift with your legs, not you back
• Ask buddies for help if it is needed
• Rest when necessary

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Shoreline Terrain

• Rock slides occur around vertical, sleeply sloped
  shoreline and undercut banks. Warm temperatures
  can loosen rock from underlying snow or thawing
  ground. Debris from previous slides is a good
  indication of danger.
• Unstable logs can roll unexpectently when walked
  on, crushing or pinning one or those in the
  vicinity.

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Shoreline Terrain

• Wet or oiled logs can extremely slippery.
• Rising tides can trap you on the beach, blocking
  off escape route at high water.
• Ocean swells may create the danger of workers
  being washed off the shoreline.

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Shoreline Terrain

• Safety
• Wear approved footwear
• Wear approved lifejackets of personal flotation
  devices where there is any risk of falling into
  the water
• Avoid steeply banked shores and beach heads

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Shoreline Terrain

• Avoid areas where there is debris from previous
  slides
• Be sure logs are stable before walking on or near
  them
• Be cautious around exposed shoreline areas to
  prevent being swamped by high waves or ocean
  swells

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Shoreline Terrain

• Know the tidal information for the area you are
  in and always be aware of possible escape routes
• Check the natural shoreline high tide markers,
  such as washed up debris, loose sea matter, and
  tide lines on rock walls

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Poor Weather Conditions

• Weather and sea state vary throughout the country
  because of the influence of large bodies of water
  and geographical land forms. Be prepared for the
  unexpected a well as the forecast weather
  conditions

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Poor Weather Conditions

• Poor weather indications include
• High winds
• Fog
• Snow
• Rain
• Hot and cold temperatures

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Hypothermia

• Hypothermia is
• The lowering of the bodys core temperature below
  the normal level. This can lead to
  unconciousness, internal injuries or death if not
  properly treated.
• Cold, wet, windy weather increases the threat of
  hypothermia, if one is not properly dressed

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Hypothermia

• The following factors can increase the threat of
  hypothermia if one is not properly dressed
• Wet clothing
• Immersion in cold water
• Exposure to wind chill factors
• Low temperatures

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Hypothermia

• Typical signs of hypothermia are
• Excessive shivering
• Slurred speech
• Mental confusion
• Pulse and respiration decrease as severity
  increases

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Hypothermia

• Preventative measures
• Monitor oneself and ones buddy for signs of
  fatigue and other signs ov overexposure
• Dress properly. The supervisor will inform the
  crew of the appropriate personal protective
  equiopment and clothing to wear when exposed to
  the cold

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Hypothermia

• It is the workers responsibility to wear well
  insulated inner clothing, such as wool socks and
  sweaters as required
• If necessary, stop work and take time to recover
• Report any of these symptoms immediately to the
  supervisor. Medical attention may be required

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Heat Exhaustion

• Heat exhaustion occurs when
• Excessive sweating causes a depletion of body
  fluids
• Conditions prevent the evaporation of sweat to
  cool the body (high humidity)

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Heat Exhaustion

• Hazards
• Personal protective equipment or clothing
  reducing ventilation and may lead to heat
  exhaustion or heat stroke
• Strenuous work in an area of high humidity

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Heat Exhaustion

• Typical signs of heat exhaustion are
• Pulse, weak and rapid
• Respiration, rapid and shallow
• Sweating
• Nausea
• Skin, cold and clammy
• Headaches
• Dizziness

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Heat Exhaustion

• Loss of consciousness
• Preventative measures
• Watch oneself and ones buddy for signs and
  symptoms of overexposure
• If necessary, stop work and take time to recover

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Heatstroke

• Prolonged exposure in a hot, humid, poorly
  ventilated environment puts stress on the body as
  it attempts to cool itself
• Heatstroke occurs when the bodys temperature
  regulatory system fails, sweating ceases and the
  body temperature rises rapidly

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Heatstroke

• Symptoms of heatstroke include
• Rapid pulse
• Breathing - deep, noisy
• Dry, hot flushed skin
• Headaches, dizziness
• Mental confusion
• Nausea and vomiting
• Convulsions

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Heatstroke

• Preventative measures
• Watch oneself and ones buddy for sign and
  symptoms of fatigue and overexposure
• If necessary stop work and take time to recover

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Heatstroke

• Report any of these symptoms immediately to the
  supervisor. Medical attention may be required

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Noise Exposure

• Noise exposure from boats, generators, pumps,
  aircraft, winches and other commonly used
  equipment can be reduced with proper hearing
  protection.
• Work extra carefully around noise. Be aware of
  and be prepared to use universal hand signals to
  communicate.

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Wildlife

• Wildlifes strong survival instinct can lead to
  serious physical injury to their captors.
• Distressed birds
• React to handling by striking out and pecking at
  any area within reach, such as the hands or eyes.

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Wildlife

• Otters
• Can also react in a dangerous fashion, but with
  more ferocity and extremely painful results.

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Wildlife

• All wildlife capture and treatment must be left
  to personnel trained and equipped in wildlife
  rescue, such as members of the Canadian Wildlife
  Service

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Wildlife

• Bears, cougars and wolves
• They are common to remote shoreline areas.
  Generally the reason they are on the beach is to
  forage for food.
• Being disturbed may cause them to react
  aggressively. Be aware that all wild animals are
  a danger.

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Wildlife

• Safety Precautions
• Do not attract the animals by feeding them or
  leaving open food or garbage at the work site
• If a large wild animal is seen in the area, l
  eave and report to the supervisor

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Wildlife

• Domestic Animals
• Dogs have been kn own to react violently with
  people trespassing on their territory

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Wildlife

• Vermin
• Be aware of any vermin such as rats, mice or
  snakes that may be present on the work site. Be
  especially cautious when working around docks and
  wharves. Although small, these creatures can
  inflict painful bites.

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Drugs, Alcohol and Unauthorized Firearms

• These man-made potential hazards are not
  conducive to a safe safe shoreline clean up
  oeration, and are therefore NOT PERMITTED on the
  work site.

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Drugs, Alcohol and Unauthorized Firearms

• Drugs (Substance Abuse)
• Only over the counter and prescription medication
  that will not cause drowsiness and impair your
  ability to work, are permitted on the work site.
• Workers must advise their supervisor of any
  medical conditions or medications they may be
  taking.

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Drugs, Alcohol and Unauthorized Firearms

• Alcohol
• Alcohol is not permitted on the work site
• Drunkenness will not tolerated

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Drugs, Alcohol and Unauthorized Firearms

• Unauthorized Firearms
• Only authorized personnel, such as enforcement
  oficers, or those assigned the task of providing
  protection from dangerous wildlife, are permitted
  to carry firearms.

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Drugs, Alcohol and Unauthorized Firearms

• Report the use of illegal drugs, alcohol or the
  presence of unauthorized firearms to the
  supervisor.

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Equipment and Transportation
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Equipment and Transportation

• Shoreline clean up operations often involve the
  use of a large variety of eequipment and types of
  transportation. This type of equipment should
  only be handled by experienced, trained personnel.

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Helicopters and Fixed Wing Aircraft

• When approaching or departing a helicopter or
  fixed wing aircraft
• Do not approach, leave or board until signalled
  to do so by the pilot
• Approach and leave the helicopter from the front,
  always within view of the pilot

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Helicopters and Fixed Wing Aircraft

• Walk under the blades in a crouched position. The
  blade tips may come within 1.5 metres of level
  ground
• All equipment and tools must be carried in a
  horizontal position below waist level
• Never walk up slope away from a helicopter or
  down slope towards a helicopter

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Helicopters and Fixed Wing Aircraft

• Any loose articles of clothing (scarfs, caps,
  hard hats, etc.) must be properly secured before
  approaching or leaving a helicopter
• Lash down all cargo securely before leaving the
  ground. This is to prevent cargo from shifting
  dangerously during flight

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Helicopters and Fixed Wing Aircraft

• Ensure doors are closed and latched

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Helicopters and Fixed Wing Aircraft

• When travelling in a helicopter
• Remain in your seat
• Seat belts must be fastened at all times during
  flight
• Smoking is not permitted
• Life jackets must be worn when in a helicopter
  over water

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Fixed Wing Aircraft

• Approved personal flotation devices are not
  required to be worn in fixed wing aircraft, but
  sufficient suits must be provided for all on
  board.

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Boat and Water Operations

• Safety precautions
• Wear an approved floatation device or life jacket
• Always follow instructions given by the boat
  operator
• Handle ropes carefully
• Get on and off boats safely and carefully

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Boat and Water Operations

• While all water operations and related safety
  gear are governed by applicable government
  regulations, its still your responsibility to
  access boats in a safe manner and abide by the
  operators instructions.
• Check with the supervisor if there is any
  uncertainty about the life jacket or personal
  floatation device is approved.

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Land Transportation

• Bulldozers, trucks and other machinery used on
  the work site can be hazardous.
• Three basic rules to follow when working around
  heavy machinery are
• Never walk behind the equipment while it is being
  operated

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Land Transportation

• Never walk where the operator cannot see
• Keep an eye on the machinery at all times

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Hand Tools

• Hand tools are one of the most common types of
  equipment used for shoreline clean up. The use of
  rakes, shovels, axes and peaveys involves some
  basic dos and donts

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Rakes

• Do keep all raking motions below the waist
• Do watch handle butt to avoid hitting ones buddy
  
• Do not leave lying on the ground especially the
  the tines up
• Do not use a lever

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Shovels

• Do keep shovel below waist
• Do keep loads light
• Do turn in the direction one is loading or
  unloading
• Dont throw loads over the shoulder
• Do not twist the waist when turning to unload

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Shovels

• Do not leave the tool lying on the ground
• Do not use as a lever

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Collection Bags

• Do work as a team when filling and carrying bags
• Do use correct lifting techniques - lift with the
  legs, not the back
• Dont overload bags
• Dont stack bags on top of one another, as the
  bottom ones may break

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Machetes and Axes

• Do wear approved footwear and gloves
• Do be aware of other nearby workers
• Do avoid rocks
• Do always walk with axes, machetes and any sharp
  tools in protective sheaths
• Do ensure firm footing and swing clearance

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Machetes and Axes

• Dont leave on ground or unsheathed
• Dont use in log piles where there is no
  clearance to swing the axe or machete

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Peaveys

• Do inspect and assess the situation
• Do know where the log will move
• Do work only on firm footing
• Do ensure all other workers are clear

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Peaveys

• Dont work with logs up above
• Do not work in complex log piles
• Do not leave lying on the ground

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Pitch Forks

• Do keep all motion below the waist
• Do keep loads light
• Do turn in the location one is loading or
  unloading

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Pitch Forks

• Dont leave lying on the ground particularly with
  the prongs up
• Do not use as a lever
• Do not throw loads over the shoulder
• Do not twist the waist when turning to unload