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PostPC Computing

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... course will try to create an environment within which teams ... adding computational power to a pen create? ... effect of their creations on the viewer ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: PostPC Computing


1
PostPC Computing
2003/4
Prof. Scott Kirkpatrick, HUJI Amnon Dekel, Bezalel
2
Course Introduction
  • Student Introductions
  • Introduction From Problem to Product.
  • What is value?
  • How Engineers Think 15 min
  • How Designers Think 15 min
  • Innovation and all that
  • Famous Failures
  • This Years Theme The Smart Classroom
  • Videos of Past Projects
  • Homework

3
Course Introduction
  • Some Administrative info
  • Classes will be on Tuesdays 1400-1700
  • Class location will be in TBD
  • Class website
  • http//www.cs.huji.ac.il/postPC

4
Student Introductions
  • Name
  • Background
  • Experience
  • Interests
  • Why are you here?

5
Introduction
  • This course is about Interactions
  • interaction of different ways of thinking
  • interaction of different ways of doing
  • interaction of ideas
  • ideas about usability, functionality, ergonomics,
    problem solving, style, and aesthetics.
  • interaction of computational capabilities and
    physical, everyday objects.

6
Introduction
  • This course will try to create an environment
    within which teams will explore the ramifications
    of adding computation intelligence to everyday
    objects while striving to understand what value
    such a process might hold for such "empowered"
    objects.

7
Value
  • What value does adding computational power to a
    pen create?
  • What value can be created by adding such power to
    a block of paper, or to eyeglasses, or shirts, or
    cameras, or chairs?
  • What might happen if a computer mouse becomes
    intelligent?
  • What might happen if a room, or other space
    inhabited by people, becomes computationally
    "empowered"?

8
What is Value
  • Don Normans view
  • Engineering values are real and measurable
  • First to market
  • Best technology
  • Standards and infrastructure support
  • But there is a danger of losing sight of the
    customer, who alone determines value
  • Example Thomas Edison

9
How Engineers ThinkThomas A. Edison
  • Edison was leader in 19th Cent. Technologies
  • Telegraph, electricity, batteries, sound
    recording, movies
  • Created the first industrial research laboratory
  • Understood the need for infrastructure
  • Electric light required electric power
    distribution
  • This was a time of star technologists influencing
    public opinion
  • Edison, Bell, Marconi, Steinmetz, Westinghouse

10
How Engineers Think Thomas A. Edison
  • Invented the phonograph (1877).
  • Tinfoil on cylinders
  • Recording as well as playback
  • Solved a problem (dictation in the office), but
    was it the right problem? Predicted the
    paperless office!
  • Too complicated at first for office use two
    week learning curve.
  • The technology evolved
  • Cylinders constant speed, low wear, better
    fidelity
  • Disks changing speed, scratchy, high wear, BUT
  • Louder
  • Easier to store and ship
  • Cheaper to manufacture
  • Edison's companies were slow to follow.

11
How Engineers Think Thomas A. Edison
  • Emile Berliner was third to enter the field, with
    first disc machines, and what became RCA Victor.
    Horizontal modulation, not vertical.
  • When Edison switched to discs (1913), he used the
    higher quality vertical modulation. INCOMPATIBLE
  • Berliner established exclusive contracts with the
    most famous musical artists, and promoted
    heavily.
  • Edison reasoned that customers couldn't tell the
    work of less-known artists from the famous ones.
    Saved lots of money. Artists not even listed on
    the labels.
  • Result "Victrola" became generic for 50 years.

12
What is Value
  • Our View Ways to enhance the
  • Functionality
  • Usability
  • Enjoyabilty" of an object
  • In the process, enhancing the capabilities of
    those who use such objects.
  • By capabilities we mean a mix of cognitive and
    physical performance parameters.

13
How Designers Think
  • Designers deal with
  • Context
  • Attention
  • Human perception and psyche

14
How Designers Think
  • Designers deal with Gestalt
  • with the overall effect of their creations on the
    viewer
  • It is not that they do not analyze and break
    things apart in their process of exploration and
    discovery- but the end product is the packaging
    of their ideas back into a whole system.

15
How Designers Think
  • Designers can be seen in many ways as Applicative
    Psychologists, Sociologists, and Anthropologists
  • They use what they know about people, and about
    how society affects them, as tools to manipulate
    those people.

16
How Designers Think
  • Designers are manipulators.
  • They try to make you think and feel about
    something in ways that they have planned and
    packaged for you.
  • Not only is the most obvious form, advertising,
    manipulative, all forms of design are.
  • The choices of color, of shape, of material, of
    layout, of type, have been chosen to manipulate
    your perceptions in specific ways.

17
How Designers Think
  • Designers are manipulators.
  • This should not be seen as Negative.
  • In most cases this is not a conscious process
  • Designers develop ways of seeing and manipulating
    the visual world in ways that change the way
    people see things
  • Many times this is done in an intuitive way- but
    what is intuition in this case if not a heuristic
    way of looking, thinking, and acting on the world.

18
Designers
  • Deal with wholes, with the synthesis of
    multi-modal and multidimensional content.
  • Designers analyze things- breaking them up in the
    process of trying to understand how perceptual
    schemas work.
  • They break things apart in order to know how to
    create more successful wholes.
  • Designers are manipulators, trying
  • sometimes intuitively, sometimes consciously, to
    make you see things in ways that they control.

19
What is a Good Design?
  • A good design succeeds in manipulating its
    viewers- making them see what it meant them to
    see
  • A good design manipulates in various ways
  • Creates a context which affects how viewers will
    look and understand a design
  • Nudges the viewers attention to specific elements
    or areas
  • Creates a planned emotional response in the
    viewer
  • More ?

20
Moores Law and all thatThe Evolution of
Information Technology
  • Exponential growth occurs in systems with
    feedback
  • Such as any business that makes money
  • Any new idea competes with BAU, not today, but
    at the time that the new idea will be introduced
  • So technology forecasting is a requirement
  • Moores Law not limited to planar Si circuits
  • Also population of users
  • Mainframe, workstation, PC, cellphone, ubiquitous
    computing(?)
  • More complex technologies storage
  • Human scale technologies display and imaging
  • More traditional technologies batteries
  • Even Research-only technologies quantum
    computing

21
The all-in-one chart
22
Famous Failures
  • Load

23
This Years Theme The Smart Classroom
  • The Problems
  • Classes are getting bigger (from 250 -1200
    Students!)
  • Frontal teaching is not very effective
  • Podium based AV technologies are difficult to use
    and get in the way of the teaching
  • Podium based AV technologies are very brittle and
    sensitive

24
This Years Theme The Smart Classroom
  • Our Goals
  • Enable more effective Teacher-Student and
    Student-Student interaction in large classes
  • Enable other teaching methodologies to be used in
    large classes (i.e. interactive teaching)
  • Create interface(s) that are easy to learn, to
    use and do NOT get in the way
  • Create a robust and modular system that takes
    care of itself as much as possible

25
Homework
  • Reading
  • Vannevar Bush As We May Think (1945)
  • Mark Weiser The Computer for the 21st Century
  • Exercise Adding Computational Power to a Space
  • Think of a classroom or auditorium
  • What can making it smart mean?
  • How would you make it smart?
  • Write a one page paper and post it to the local
    PostPC newsgroup (newslocal.course.postPC).

26
Info
  • Class website http//www.cs.huji.ac.il/postPC
  • Email postpc_at_cs.huji.ac.il

27
Past Projects -- Videos
  • Fall 2002
  • Navigator
  • The Flower Pot
  • The Living Room
  • Earlier courses
  • Smart Lock
  • Travellers companion
  • E-Play
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