Floriculture

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CHAPTER 1

• Floriculture -
• A Dynamic Industry

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What are commercial greenhouses used for?

• 1. Fresh flowers

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• 2. Flowering Plants

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• 3. Green Plants

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• 4. Bedding Plants

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• 5. Vegetable Production

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• 6. Woody Ornamental Propagation

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The desire to buy floral products is greater in
which zone?
Zone A
Zone B
Zone C
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The Answer
A B
Zone A (frigid)
Zone B (temperate)
Zone C (sub-tropical)
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Most greenhouse production used to be located

• In northern parts of Europe, Japan, and the
  United States
• Why?
• Cheap heating fuel
• Inefficient cooling technology
• Population Centers (at least in US)

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Production is moving southward due to

• Expensive heating fuel costs
• Development of more efficient cooling systems
• Available, rapid transportation

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Texas Growers in the Top 100

• 2. Hines Wholesale 53.0 M
• 6. Greenleaf Nursery 34.0 M
• 18. Powell Plant Farms 17.5 M
• 28. Lone Star Growers 10.7 M
• 45. Hawkins Nursery 7.7 M
• 47. Turkey Creek Farms 7.6 M
• 58. Coop. Rose Growers 6.5 M
• 72. Nortex Nursery 5.0 M

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State Ranking in Nursery Production (greenhouse
outdoor)

• 1. Florida
• 2. California
• 3. Oregon
• 4. Pennsylvania
• 5. New Jersey
• 6. Michigan
• 7. North Carolina
• 8. New York

• 9. Georgia
• 10. Alabama
• 11. Maryland
• 12. Ohio
• 13. Washington
• 14. Tennessee
• 15. Connecticut
• 16. Texas

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What is being grown in greenhouses?

• 1. Chrysanthemums
• 2. Roses
• 3. Carnations
• 4. Foliage plants
• 5. Geranium
• 6. Gladiolus
• 7. Poinsettias

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Greenhouse Production Areas
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International Competition

• Columbia
• - High elevations
• Cool nights
• Mild Days
• - Cheap wages
• - Production
• Carnations, daisies, mums, roses

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• Australia/New Zealand
• - Mild, humid climate
• - Production
• Orchids

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• Netherlands
• - Cool, mild climates
• - Production
• Bulb crops
• Cut flowers (roses)

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• Brazil
• - Warm, sunny
• - Production
• Roses

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Factors InfluencingLocation of Production

• Cost of Production
• Heating, Cooling, Labor, Land, Taxes
• Product Quality
• Daylength, Light Intensity, Temperature
• Cost Availability of Transportation

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Case Studies (examples)

• Carnations
• Up to 1950, costly transportation forced
  production near markets in the northeast even
  though poor quality flowers due to dark winter
  months
• With cheaper transportation, production moved to
  Colorado for improved quality

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• Chrysanthemums
• Due to cheaper transportation in the 1960s,
  production moved south away from markets to
  utilize cheap outdoor production techniques
• Reductions in plant and flower quality forced
  production back indoors

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Categories ofGreenhouse Plants

• Fresh flowers - flowers which are cut from the
  plant prior to sale
• (roses, mums, carnations, etc.)
• Flowering plants - flower bearing plants which
  are sold in a pot
• (chrysanthemum, etc.)

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• Green plants (foliage plants) - plants sold in a
  pot and valued more for their foliage than their
  flowers
• (Ivy, Rubber Trees, Ferns, etc.)
• Bedding plants - young plants sold for planting
  around the home
• (Vegetables, Impatiens, Marigold, etc.)
• Vegetables - grown to maturity in a greenhouse
• (Tomatoes, Lettuce)

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Future of theGreenhouse Industry

• Growing demand for greenhouse crops
• Expect increased production of green plants,
  flowering plants, bedding plants
• Increased awareness of interior exterior
  landscapes
• Potted plants are competitive on a more local
  basis due to difficulties and expense of long
  distance transportation

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• Although fresh flower demand will also increase,
  production may not increase dramatically in US
  due to cheaper production costs in other
  countries and affordable transportation to import

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• Changing market channels
• The retail florist
• 85 of all fresh flowers are sold to weddings
  funerals
• 200 to 400 markup
• The mass market
• Mostly unarranged, bundled flowers
• 25 to 40 markup

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• Who is the largest retail marketer of fresh
  flowers in the US?

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• Who is the largest retail marketer of fresh
  flowers in the US?
• Kroger