State of the Art

1
State of the Art

• WP2
• Christer Jurén
• Maria Winnebäck
• Swedish Institute of Space Physics
• October 26th 2004

2
Summary Report

• Overview of the work completed/launched
• Resources employed
• Departures from the work schedule
• Plans for the next phase
• Comments This presentation is for the
  collection phase.
• Text marked in red is supposed to be omitted
  from the final report.

3
Overview of the work completed/launched

• Studied different types of Ionosondes, raw data
  and raw data formats
• Studied different types of Ionospheric models
• - IRI
• - SIRM
• - SIRMUP
• - Models from Fusion numerics
• Compared the different concepts of the Ionosondes
  relevant to DIAS
• Visited and studied three Digisondes stations
• Created an overview of organizations in USA,
  Australia and Japan
• Started to look at organizations in India, China
  and Russia
• Tested educations regarding general Ionospheric
  physics and specific handling of data to be used
  in DIAS
• First version of State of the Art report
• Two use cases with one scenario each

4
Resources employed

• IRF
• Six working months for programmer
• Three working month for scientist
• One laptop with digital radio purchased
• Two visits to RAL for discussions of general
  knowledge contained in COST271 and discussions
  about the WP2
• Attended two meetings about DIAS
• Other
• Anna Belehaki, National Observatory of Athens,
  General IPS information IPSs HF
• Ljiljana Cander, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory,
  Information about sounding in China
• Jens Mielich, Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric
  Physics
• Iwona Stanislawska, Space Research Center Warsaw

5
Departures from the work schedule

• Collection of requested information has been
  minimized in favour of studies of general
  Ionospheric physics useful for DIAS
• The task collection of information will be
  prolonged until October 2004, but the compilation
  of information started according to schedule and
  will run in parallel.

6
Plans for the next phase

• Make a travel to USA in connection with IRFs
  plan for a suitable Ionosonde, which hopefully
  will be a modern Dynasonde, which will produce
  compatible results with the Digisondes in Europe.
• State of the Art report.

7
State of the Art Summary
Activities similar to DIAS outside Europe
(Activities and Other Products) Organizations
involved in the generation of digital
information Techniques used by these
organizations to generate the digital content
Raw data Products Products delivered
in the scientific, commercial and industrial
community Data Types of
Ionospheric parameters Resolution,
availability of real-time and historical data
Interactive and static ionograms, time
plots of Ionospheric parameters Added value
products Maps, forecasts and alerts
Resolution, availability of real-time and
historical data Interactive and static
added value products Techniques used by
these organizations to generate the digital
content Platforms to deliver data
Education of user regarding the need of this type
of products for operational applications Current
situation in Europe Appendix Differences between
Digisondes, Dynasondes and Classical Ionosondes
(not yet included)
8
Activities similar to DIAS outside Europe
9
Activities similar to DIAS outside Europe
Activities on the Internet Archived values in
ASCII, XML, Matlab, IIWG, SAO -format and
graphical representation of the main Ionospheric
parameters. Plots of ionospheric standard
parameters for one or several days. Ionospheric
maps of specific geographic areas in hourly
resolution based on direct measurements. Ionosphe
ric maps of specific geographic areas in hourly
resolution based on long term models. Real-time
and historical Ionospheric data in gif, png and
mpeg-movie format. Real-time and historical
Ionospheric data interactive 3D
representation. POLAN results. Numerically
scale ionograms and get the scaled parameters
sent back by email.
10
Activities similar to DIAS outside Europe
Activities on the Internet (continue) Forecasts
of ionospheric disturbances on solar observations
and geomagnetic predictions. HF information for
Europe, North America, Australasia and Asia.
Ionospheric maps of foF2 and TEC (Total
Electron Content). Estimates for the T-Index
(Transmission Index), HAP (Hourly Area
Predictions) charts and predictions. HF-condition
s (Ionospheric summary and forecasts, MUF
(Maximum Usable Frequency) reports). HF
frequency predictions and warnings. Alerts and
warnings via SMS, email, fax or pager.
11
Activities similar to DIAS outside Europe
Other Products World Data Centre Ionospheric
Digital Database, 1994 CD-ROM Two disc set
containing 40,000 station-months of digitized
vertical incidence parameters from 130 worldwide
sites for the period from 1957 through 1990.
Includes custom-designed access and display
software (Price 205). IPS Two pieces of IPS
Software are available to order ASAPS (Advanced
Stand Alone Prediction System) predicts sky wavy
communication conditions in the HF or VHF radio
spectrum of Short Wave band (1 to 45 MHz). It is
based on an ionospheric model developed by IPS.
Sale price is set to 375 AUD, or 275 USD, or
240. GWPS is a program for estimating Ground
Wave Range values under specified ground and
operation conditions. It is a stand-alone
program that runs on any DOS system with graphics
capability. Both are available for sale, priced
differently according to geographical location.
It costs 54 AUD, or 35 USD, or 34. IPS
Training material available to order ASAPS
training courser, on the different prediction
types and navigating within ASAPS. The course is
1-day long and costs 150AUD. HF Radio course,
on HF Radio Propagation. The course is 1-day long
and costs 190AUD per person. HF Radio Manual
is a complete introduction to the ionosphere, HF
radio propagation and solar terrestrial
activity. It costs between 25 and 30 AUD
worldwide.
12
Organizations involved in the generation of
digital information
Activities similar to DIAS outside Europe
13
Activities similar to DIAS outside Europe
Organizations involved in the generation of
digital information

• All over the world (continue)
• WDC, World Data Centre http//www.ngdc.noaa.gov/wd
  c/
• Created to archive and distribute data collected
  from the observational programs of the
• 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year.
• 52 Centers in 12 countries world wide.
• Its holdings include a wide range of solar,
  geophysical, environmental and human dimensions
  data.
• In general, WDCs do not provide operational
  services such as short-term forecasting or
  real-time reporting of geophysical or
  environmental conditions (e.g., of geomagnetic
  disturbances).
• WDCs are funded and maintained by their host
  countries on behalf of the international science
  community. They accept data from national and
  international scientific or monitoring programs
  as resources permit. All data held in WDCs are
  available for no more than the cost of copying
  and sending the requested information.
• WDC Ionosphere is in Tokyo.

14
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• Australia
• IPS (Ionospheric Prediction Service)
  http//www.ips.gov.au

• Who is IPS?IPS acts as the Australian Space
  Weather Agency, providing the Australian national
  radio propagation and space weather services.
  Systems and technologies affected by space
  weather, and supported by IPS, includeHF radio
  systems, such as communications and surveillance
  systems
• Geophysical exploration, power systems protection
  and the cathodic protection of long distance
  pipelines
• Satellite and spacecraft operations
• Support is also provided for international and
  domestic research into the space environment. IPS
  operates an extensive network of monitoring
  stations and observatories within the
  Australasian region and in Antarctica to gather
  information on the space environment in support
  of our customers' operations. IPS also exchanges
  this information with similar organisations world
  wide.
• Information from the IPS website is open to the
  public.

15
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• Australia (continue)
• SPIDR (Space Physics Interactive Data
  Resources)
  http//spidr2.ips.gov.au/spidr

The Space Physics Interactive Data Resource
(SPIDR) is designed to allow a solar terrestrial
physics customer to intelligently access and
manage historical space physics data for
integration with environment models and space
weather forecasts. SPIDR is a distributed network
of synchronous databases and 100 Java
middle-ware servers accessed via the World Wide
Web. By enabling easy data mirroring and
eliminating the network bottlenecks associated
with transcontinental links, the distributed
system architecture is a key factor for low
latency in multimedia data visualization and fast
data delivery. The key concepts in the SPIDR
architecture are the data basket (a collection of
different space weather parameters selected from
different databases for the same time interval)
and space weather event. The data basket allows
the user to manipulate and deliver the data in
various standard formats for easy integration
into existing tools. The "event" system is
designed to allow the user to specify desired
spatial, temporal, and parameter conditions in
fuzzy linguistic and/or numeric terms and then to
mine the archives and receive a ranked list of
space weather events best matching the desired
conditions in the historical archive.     Once
an event is discovered or identified, the client
can request dynamical temporal and spatial
visualization using a set of communicating Java
applets, browse the archive of Sun and Earth
satellite images, and request delivery of the
data formatted for inclusion in model runs.
Each SPIDR node has a database management
interface, which allows data updates performed
either by a local user or by another SPIDR server
from the Net. The servers communicate with each
other for scheduled mirroring of the data and
software. The space weather historical archives
implemented are geomagnetic field variation and
indices, sunspot numbers, ionosphere,
interplanetary magnetic field and sun wind
parameters, cosmic rays events and sun flares,
GOES, SOHO and YHOKOH satellites data.
16
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• USA
• SPIDR http//spidr.ngdc.noaa.gov/spidr
• Dynasonde http//ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/IONO/Dynason
  de
• Ionospheric Data Archived at NGDC
• http//www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/IONO/ionohome.htm
  l
• UMass Lowell Center for Atmospheric Research
• http//ulcar.uml.edu/index.html
• Space Environment Center http//www.sec.noaa.gov/
  
• Fusion Numerics http//www.fusionnumerics.com/
• Fusion Numerics Ionospheric Portal
  
  http//63.231.68.133/ionosphere/DesktopDefaul
  t.aspx
• GAIM (Global Assimilative Ionospheric
  Model) http//iono.jpl.nasa.gov/gaim/intro.h
  tml

17
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• USA
• UMass Lowell Center for Atmospheric Research
  http//ulcar.uml.edu/index.html

The Center was founded with the goal of
conducting experimental and analytical research
in the atmospheric and space sciences, to provide
research opportunities for graduate and
undergraduate students and to demonstrate how
research and development tie to solving real
world problems. Carrying out these objectives
requires tapping the science and engineering
expertise residing in the university. The Center
for Atmospheric Research is the manufacturer of
the so called Digisondes DGS-256, DPS-1,
DPS-4. Digisondes and Ionosondes all over the
world at http//ulcar.uml.edu/slist.htm
18
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• USA
• Space Environment Center http//www.sec.noaa.gov/

The Space Environment Center (SEC) provides
real-time monitoring and forecasting of solar and
geophysical events, conducts research in
solar-terrestrial physics, and develops
techniques for forecasting solar and geophysical
disturbances. SEC's Space Weather Operations
Center is jointly operated by NOAA and the U.S.
Air Force and is the national and world warning
center for disturbances that can affect people
and equipment working in the space environment.
19
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• USA
• Commercial Space Weather Service Providers
• http//www.sec.noaa.gov/Vendors/commercial.html

Some HF communication and Navigation service
companies - Solar Terrestrial Dispatch http//www.
spacew.com/ - Northwest Research
Associates http//www.nwra-az.com/nwra_spawx.html
- Space Environment Technologies Company
Information http//www.spacewx.com/
20
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• USA
• Fusion Numerics, has an architecture similar to
  DIAS! http//www.fusionnumerics.com/

21
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• Russia
• SPIDR http//clust1.wdcb.ru/spidr

22
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• South Africa
• SPIDR http//spidr.ru.ac.za/spidr
• Hermann Ohlthaver Institute for
  Aeronomy http//phlinux.ru.ac.za/hoia/
• South African Ionospheric Center http//ionosond.
  ru.ac.za/

23
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• South Africa
• Hermann Ohlthaver Institute for
  Aeronomy http//phlinux.ru.ac.za/hoia/

The Hermann Ohlthaver Institute for Aeronomy
(HOIA) was established in December 1983. HOIA
falls under the management of the Hermanus
Magnetic Observatory, a national facility of the
National Research Foundation (NRF). In the
earlier years research was fairly broadly based,
involving the ionosphere over Antarctica, Gough
Island and Grahamstown, as well as local Middle
Atmosphere studies and theoretical work. With the
rationalization of the Antarctic program away
from HOIA, the emphasis has moved towards more
local and applied research that lies more firmly
in the Ionospheric communications field. Current
research is exploring the use of artificial
Neural Networks as an aid to Ionospheric
prediction, the use of meteor trains to establish
the dynamics of the lower ionosphere, and the
expansion of the measurement capabilities of the
DPS Ionosondes. Provides foF2 and foE Prediction
Service for South African Region and foF2
Forecast Service for Grahamstown.
24
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• South Africa
• South African Ionospheric Center http//ionosond.
  ru.ac.za/

The South African Ionospheric Data Center is
operated by the Hermanus Magnetic Observatory,
and is located in the Department of Physics and
Electronics at Rhodes University in Grahamstown,
South Africa. The South African Ionospheric Data
Center provides available data and ionograms from
3 stations in South Africa. To access the data
permission is required.  
25
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• Japan
• SPIDR http//gedas22.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/spidr
  
• ISDJ (Ionospheric Sounding Data in
  Japan) http//ionet-us.crl.go.jp/ISDJ/index-
  E.html
• NIC (National Institute of Information and
  Communications Technology)
• http//hiraiso.crl.go.jp

26
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• Japan
• ISDJ (Ionospheric Sounding Data in
  Japan) http//ionet-us.crl.go.jp/ISDJ/index-
  E.html

Independent Administrative Institution National
Institute of Information and Communications
Technology Applied Research and Standards
Division Ionosphere and Radio Propagation Group
27
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• Japan
• NIC (National Institute of Information and
  Communications Technology)
• http//hiraiso.crl.go.jp

Space Environment Information Service
28
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Organizations involved in the generation
of digital information

• China
• SPIDR http//spidr.sepc.ac.cn/spidr
• Wuhan http//digisonde.whcnc.ac.cn/
• None of the above could be reached!
• Some information about soundings in China here!

29
Techniques used by these organizations to
generate the digital content (raw data and
products)
30
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Techniques used by these organizations to
generate the digital content Raw data

• Types of Ionospheric stations providing data
• Australia Ionosondes (Own constructions, CADI?)
• Digisondes
• USA Ionosondes (CADI)
• Digisondes
• Dynasondes
• Japan Ionosondes
• GPS instrumentations are used by all of them!

31
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Techniques used by these organizations to
generate the digital content Raw data

• Networking of Ionospheric stations
• Australia IPSs ionosondes and military
  ionosondes.
• USA Only one dynasonde in Bear Lake, Utah
• http//www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/IONO/Dynasonde/BL_
  TR_LY.htm
• A lot of digisondes distributed all over the
  USA
• http//ulcar.uml.edu/stationlist.html
• Japan Four sounding stations in Japan
• http//ionet-us.crl.go.jp/ISDJ/index-E.html
  

32
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Techniques used by these organizations to
generate the digital content Raw data

• Collection of raw data from Ionospheric stations
• Australia All type of parameters some even in
  SAO format.
• USA All parameters in SAO format, both
  dynasonde and digisonde.
• e.g. http//www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/IONO/Dynasond
  e/archive/slides/
• Other types of formats
• http//www.sec.noaa.gov/ftpmenu/lists/iono_day.
  html
• But even in some classical formats like IIWG.
• Japan Own type of formats!
• Ionogram pictures from all of them!

33
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Techniques used by these organizations to
generate the digital content Products

• Architecture of systems with operation similar to
  DIAS
• Australia Guest login and registered user
  login.
• USA Guest login and registered user login.
• Japan No login to get data and ionograms except
  for access via SPIDR.

34
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Techniques used by these organizations to
generate the digital content Products
Models using to generate added value products

• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au IRI-90
  Ionospheric Model
• (for near real-time ionospheric total
  electron content (TEC) map)

35
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Techniques used by these organizations to
generate the digital content Products
Models using to generate added value products

• USA http//spidr.ngdc.noaa.gov/spidr
• Ionospheric Models info   
• General Model Electric Convection Field
  Models
• International Reference Ionosphere info, ftp,
  run Polar Cap Potential Drop Modelinfo
•    Electron Density Models Volland Electric
  Field Modelinfo
• Chiu Ionospheric Modelinfo, ftp Heelis
  Electric Convection Field Model info Bent
  Ionospheric Modelinfo Utah Electric
  Convection Field Modelinfo
• Penn State Mk III Modelinfo IZMIRAN
  Electrodynamic Model (IZMEM)info, link
• SLIM Modelinfo Millstone Hill Electric
  Field Modelinfo
• FAIM Modelinfo Heppner-Maynard-Rich
  Electric Field Modelinfo, ftp
•  F2-Peak Models and Applications
• CCIR foF2 and M(3000)F2 Model Mapsinfo
• URSI foF2 Model Mapsinfo
• ISS-b foF2 Mapsinfo
• MINIMUF/QSTMUF Modelinfo
• IONCAP Modelinfo
• WBMOD Ionospheric Scintillation Modelinfo,
  link

36
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Techniques used by these organizations to
generate the digital content Products
Models using to generate added value products

• Japan http//ionet-us.crl.go.jp/ISDJ/index-E.html
  
• !No models could be found!

37
Products delivered in the scientific, commercial
and industrial community
38
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Types of
Ionospheric parameters

• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/
• fmin, M(3000)F2, foE, hE, foEs, fbEs,
  hEs, foF1, hF, foF2, fxI, hF2
• USA http//spidr.ngdc.noaa.gov/spidr/
• hF, hpF2, hmF2, hc, fxI,M(3000)F2,
  MUF(3000)F2, fmin, fminF, hmE, fminE,fMUF(3000),
  hMUF(3000), hmF1, ITEC, B0, B1, D1, Type Es,
  fmI
• Japan http//wdc-c2.nict.go.jp/ISDJ/index-E.html
• fmin, foE, hE, foEs, hEs, TYPES, fbEs, foF1,
  M(3000)F1, hF, hF2, foF2, fxF2, M(3000)F2,
  fxI, dfs1, dfs2, dfs3, dfs4, f1MUF, f2MUF, hdF2,
  hpF2, ypF2

39
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Resolution,
availability of real-time and historical data

• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/
• Ionograms from 15 stations in the Australian
  region every 5th minute.
• Ionograms and parameters are available 30 days
  back in time.

40
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Resolution,
availability of real-time and historical data

• USA http//spidr.ngdc.noaa.gov/spidr
• Ionospheric data available since 1942 depending
  on station (Only Ottawa 1942).
• Time step 15 minute, 1 hour (parameter graph, no
  ionograms).
• http//www.sec.noaa.gov
• The values of 15 ionospheric parameters are
  available in txt-format
• Ionospheric parameters - foF2, latest 3
  months NGDC
• hmF2, M(D), D, h'F, yF2, fMUF,
• h,' fxI, foF1, foE, hmE, foEs, fbEs,
• ITEChourly

41

Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Resolution,
availability of real-time and historical data

• Japan http//ionet-us.crl.go.jp/ISDJ/index-E.html
• Ionograms and parameters from 4 stations in
  Japan.
• Ionograms every 15 minute.
• Parameter value every hour.
• Ionograms and parameters available 30 days back
  in time.

42

Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Interactive
and static ionograms, time plots of Ionospheric
parameters

• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• Look at and manually scale ionograms from
• 15 different stations in the Australian region.
• Earliest about 30 days before current day.
• Printable image

43
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Interactive
and static ionograms, time plots of ionospheric
parameters

• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• Synthetic equivalent oblique ionogram from
• the vertical ionogram
• Options of distances to choose from for
• the derivation of the equivalent ionogram.

44
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Interactive
and static ionograms, time plots of ionospheric
parameters

• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• Manually scale ionograms from
• 15 stations in the Australian region.
• 11 parameters can be scaled
• fmin, foE, hE, foEs, fbEs, hEs, foF1, hf, foF2,
  fxI, hF2
• These parameters value can be sent to
• a chosen e-mail address.
• No support for descriptor/qualifier letters.

45
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Interactive
and static ionograms, time plots of ionospheric
parameters

• World Data Centre, Australia http//www.ips.gov.au
  /Main.php?CatID9
• IPS operates the World Data Centre (WDC) for
  Solar-Terrestrial Science (STS), in Sydney.
• The Centre provides Solar and Ionosonde data as
  well as
• Space Physics Interactive Data Resources (SPIDR).
  

Data Catalogue   Ionosonde Data   From all
Australian ionospheric stations Riometer Data
  For the Australian Antarctic stations from 1987
to 2003 Spectrograph Data   From the station of
Calgoora GPS Data From the stations of Vanimo
and Port Moresby
46
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Interactive
and static ionograms, time plots of ionospheric
parameters

• World Data Centre, Australia http//www.ips.gov.au
  /Main.php?CatID9 (continue)

Data Display Tools   Magnetometer An
interactive tool that accepts user input
(selections from drop-down lists) of Station,
Date and Components. Users are also given the
choice of downloading the relevant data into a
comma-separated file.
47
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Interactive
and static ionograms, time plots of ionospheric
parameters

• World Data Centre, Australia http//www.ips.gov.au
  /Main.php?CatID9 (continue)

Data Display Tools (continue)  Ionospheric
Hourly An interactive tool that accepts user
input of Station Parameter (foF2, M(3000)F2,
hF2, foF1, hF, foE, hE, foEs, fbEs, hEs,
fmin, fxl) and Date and displays Iondata and Line
Graph. Users are also given the choice of
downloading the relevant data into a
comma-separated file.
48
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Interactive
and static ionograms, time plots of ionospheric
parameters

• World Data Centre, Australia http//www.ips.gov.au
  /Main.php?CatID9 (continue)

Data Display Tools (continue)  Medians An
interactive tool that accepts user input of
Median (foF2 or M(3000)F2), Station(s) (either in
Australasia Antarctica, or Asia, or Europe, or
America, or Africa) and Date and displays Media
and Line Graph. Users are also given the choice
of downloading the relevant data into a
comma-separated file.
49
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Interactive
and static ionograms, time plots of ionospheric
parameters

• World Data Centre, Australia http//www.ips.gov.au
  /Main.php?CatID9 (continue)

Data Display Tools (continue)  Spectrograph
Accepts user input of Station and Date and
displays Spectrograph Graph or downloads
retrieved data in a comma-separated file. Only
from Calgoora station.
50
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Interactive
and static ionograms, time plots of ionospheric
parameters

• USA http//spidr.ngdc.noaa.gov/spidr/
• Detailed data set request
• 57 stations (year 2004) all over the world
• Download data in ASCII, Matlab, XML,
• IIWG or SAO format.
• Choose station from map or list
• Ionospheric layer F2, F1, E or Es (one or all)
• Parameters hF, hpF2, hmF2, hc, fxI, M(3000)F2,
• MUF(3000)F2, fmin, fminF, fminE,
• fMUF(3000), hMUF(3000)hmF1,
• ITEC, B0, B1, D1, Type Es, fmI, hmE
• (one or all)

51
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Interactive
and static ionograms, time plots of ionospheric
parameters

• USA http//spidr.ngdc.noaa.gov/spidr
• Time plots, line graphs, from all stations
  providing
• data to SPIDR .
• SPIDR can plot time series with static GIF images
  
• or with dynamic Java applet.
• Possibility to zoom in and out
• in the graph (Java applet).

52
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Interactive
and static ionograms, time plots of ionospheric
parameters

• Japan http//ionet-us.crl.go.jp/ISDJ/index-E.html
• Latest data, vertical, oblique,
• oblique -gt vertical, in color or
• monochrome from 4 stations in Japan.
• Summary of all layers, F layer,
• E layer or of all frequencies.
• Mpeg movie for the latest 48 hours.
• Search past 30 days and display with
• mpeg movie (1 day unit).
• Move the mouse (interactive) over
• the ionogram to see the frequency
• and height for the special point.

53
Activities similar to DIAS outside
Europe Products delivered in the scientific,
commercial and industrial community Interactive
and static ionograms, time plots of ionospheric
parameters

• Japan http//ionet-us.crl.go.jp/ISDJ/index-E.html
• Factor values provided from Ionograms, indicated
  with HTML format or booklet format (graphic
  file).

HTML format
Booklet format
54
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and static ionograms, time plots of ionospheric
parameters

• Japan http//ionet-us.crl.go.jp/ISDJ/index-E.html
  (continue)
• Factor values provided from Ionograms, indicated
  with booklet format (graphic file).

55
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• Australia
• http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID2
• Space Weather

56
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID3
• Satellite
• Latest Conditions
• Magnetopause Model
• Electron Fluence Forecast
• Total Electron Content
• Regional Maps over Australasia, North America,
  Europe and Japan
• GPS and IRI Comparison (IRI/foF2 TEC values are
  computed by using the IRI-90 model with
  auto-scaled foF2 ionosonde data
  observered in Australian region as the input
  parameters to the model)
• Prediction Tools
• Sun-Satellite Interference
• Orbital Decay Estimations

57
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID5
• Solar
• Solar Conditions
• Day-Night Location
• Solar Region Data
• Solar Activity Plot
• Solar Wind Speed
• Summary and Forecast
• Monthly Sunspot Numbers
• X-Ray Flux
• X-Ray Flares

58
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID5
• Solar (continue)
• Culgoora and Learmonth Observatory
• Overview
• Spectrographs
• Last Type II Event
• H-Alpha Image
• Flare Forecast
• Historical Data
• Type II Events
• Daily Spectrographs
• H-Alpha Images
• SEP Related Events
• Online Tools
• Solar Activity Rotation
• Culgoora and Learmonth Type II Tool

59
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
  
• HF Systems
• Overview of HF-related Products and Services
• Australasia
• HAP (Hourly Area Prediction) Charts
• Hourly HAP Charts (Updates every 60 minutes)

The HAP chart is a guide to frequency selection
for HF communications between mobiles and a
specified base station. The recommended frequency
for communications with the base at a given hour
is read off from the point in the map
corresponding to the mobile's location. The
predictions are made from real time data which
are updated each hour.'dash lines' - If
present, these delineate areas of unlikely
communication. Poor communication areas which can
result from one or more of the following
conditions- the Absorption Limiting Frequency
(ALF) is higher than the Optimum Working
Frequency (OWF).- the ALF exceeds the highest
frequency in the user's frequency set. - there
is no suitable frequency from the user's set that
is between the OWF and ALF.
60
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
  
• HF Systems
• Australasia
• HAP (Hourly Area Prediction) Charts
• Daily HAP Charts (Updates every 24 hours)

These are Daily Area Predictions of communication
frequencies for the present day and are based on
IPS average maps of the ionosphere. Options to
choose a location and a Universal Time Period
(00-05, 06-11, 12-17, 18-23)
61
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
  
• HF Systems
• Australasia
• HF Conditions
• Current foF2 Plots

These are graphs of auto scaled foF2 against
monthly predicted foF2 values. These values are
based on the automated interpretation of
ionograms received each hour. Legend White solid
line indicates monthly predicted foF2. White
dashed line indicates monthly predicted foF2
/-30. Red solid line indicates hourly observed
foF2 from that station. Yellow solid line
indicates sporadic E (foEs).
62
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Australasia
• HF Conditions
• Ionospheric Summary and Forecast

63
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Australasia
• HF Conditions
• Maximum Usable Frequency Report

64
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Canberra Sydney

• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Australasia
• HF Conditions
• Current Oblique Ionograms
• IPS operates a Barry Chirpsounder of HF
  receiver.
• The images are oblique ionograms from this
  instrument for the
• circuit Canberra-Sydney and Auckland-Sydney.
  Overlayed on
• the ionograms are the first and second (if
  applicable) mode F
• layer predictions based on the IPS real time
  map and
• a prediction model.

Auckland Sydney
65
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Australasia
• HF Conditions
• Hourly LAMP
• (Local Area Mobile Predictions) Charts

Local Area Mobile Predictions of communication
frequencies based on current observed conditions
in the Australasia ionosphere. Because of the
variability of the ionosphere this type of
prediction can only be made for the current few
hours.
66
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Australasia
• HF Conditions
• Recent Days LAMP Charts
• Possibility to choose from 5 stations
  in Australian region.
• Data available from the last 30 days.

67
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Australasia (continue)
• T Index "equivalent sunspot number"
• T Index Map
• Real-time Ionospheric foF2 map

The image shows the difference between current
observed hourly conditions and predicted monthly
conditions for the Australian region. The
colours blue, green, yellow, red correspond to
enhanced, normal, mildly depressed and
depressed conditions respectively. Depressions
and enhancements are with respect to the IPS
predicted monthly T index for that month.
68
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Australasia (continue)
• T Index
• T Index Plot

This plot shows the trend in the observed
Australian regional T index over the past 30
days. The daily values can fluctuate during
disturbances. The dashed blue line represents the
median of these daily values and is an indicator
of the quiet level of ionospheric support over
the period plotted. The forecast daily T index
for the current UT day is showed as the unfilled
rectangle.
69
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Asia
• HAP Charts
• Hourly HAP Charts
• Daily HAP Charts
• Ionospheric foF2 Map - Japan

70
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Europe
• Hourly HAP Charts for 8 cities
• (Athens, Belgrade, Berlin, London, Oslo, Paris,
  Rome, Stockholm)
• T Index Map
• Ionospheric foF2 Map
• Data used to produce the map of
  European region are from
• Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica in Rome
• Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Ionosondes
  Group) in England
• Swedish Institute of Space Physics
• Institute of Space Applications and
  Remote Sensing,
• National Observatory of Athens in
  Greece
• Recent foF2 Plots for Athens and Rome

71
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• North America
• HAP Charts
• Hourly HAP Charts
• Daily HAP Charts
• HAP Chart with Auroral Oval Superimposed
• T Index
• Ionospheric foF2 Map

72
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• North Atlantic
• Hourly HAP Charts (Athens, Paris, New York,
  Azores, Reykjavik)
• Ionospheric Map

73
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Global HF
• HF Conditions
• Global Propagation
• Propagation now, updates every 60 minutes.
• Propagation summary, updates every 24 hours.
• Propagation forecast, updates every 24 hours.

74
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Global HF
• Fadeout Charts
• Current HF Fadeout
• Last Major Flare

The map shows the absorption limited frequency
(ALF) - the lowest frequency able to propagate -
for HF circuits typically 1500 km in length. To
use the plot, work out the approximate location
where your circuit is being reflected by the
ionosphere and estimate the value of the ALF from
the contours. If the frequency you wish to use is
lower than this value then communication is
unlikely if it is higher than the ALF then
communication is still possible. For short
circuits compared with 1500 km, the ALF values
from the map are likely to be too high and
communications will still be possible for
slightly lower frequencies. For much longer
circuits, slightly higher frequencies than the
suggested ALF can still be affected by the
fadeout. This plot is event driven and updates
when a flare of magnitude M1 or greater is
observed.
75
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Global HF
• Polar Cap Absorption
• T index
• Monthly T Indices
• Real Time T Indicies
• Real time T index is based on autoscaled data.
• Real time T wil depart from monthly predicted T
• during disturbances.

76
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Online Tools
• Prediction Tools
• HAP Prediction Display
• Min-Max (Area of Coverage) HAP Prediction
  Display
• URSL (Upper, Recommended, Secondary and Lower)
  - HF Frequency Prediction
• GRAFEX Prediction Display
• Air Route Chart
• Prediction From Ionospheric Map (Aust/NZ
  North Atlantic only)
• RAAF Air Route Chart
• User Response Form

77
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Online Tools
• GRAFEX Prediction Display
• Options to choose place from map or base locator
• (Write the city name, for a more exact location)

Base Locator
78
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Online Tools
• GRAFEX Prediction Results

79
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Online Tools
• Prediction from ionospheric map
• (Aust/NZ and North Atlantic only)

Results
80
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• HF Systems (continue)
• Online Tools
• Index Plots
• Data available for one year back in time.
• The bar graph display shows the planetary A
  index.
• Red and yellow bars indicate disturbed an
  moderately
• disturbed days respectively. Green bars indicate
  quiet days.
• During summer/equinox periods the ionospheric
• depression response may be seen on the day on
  and
• following geomagnetically disturbed days.
• This is indicated by the dip in the T index
  plots.

81
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID3
• Map example
• TEC (Total Electron Content) conditions over
  Europe

This near real-time ionospheric total electron
content (TEC) map is produced at IPS by using the
IRI-90 ionospheric model with real-time foF2 data
observed at the ionosonde stations distributed in
this region.The map shows colour contours of
TEC in units of 1016 electrons/m2.The data on
this map can be used to get an estimate of the
corrections to be applied to satellite navigation
measurements to account for the extra delay in
the transmission of the radio signals between the
satellite and a receiver on earth due to the
presence of the ionosphere. Updates every 60
minutes.
82
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• Forecast exampel HF Communications Warning
• Last updated 15 Sep 2004 0900 UT
• SUBJ IPS PRELIMINARY HF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
  WARNING 04/38
• ISSUED AT 13/2307Z SEPTEMBER 2004
• BY THE AUSTRALIAN SPACE FORECAST CENTRE.
• DEGRADED HF PROPAGATION CONDITIONS EXPECTED
• FROM 14-15 SEPTEMBER 2004
• A shock passage from recent CME activity has
  resulted in
• elevated geomagnetic activity. Significantly
  elevated proton flux
• has been observed following the shock passage.
  HF disturbances possible
• Sep 14-15 mainly at high latitudes, and around
  local dawn
• at low to mid latitudes.
• IF COMMS DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED TRY A LOWER
  FREQUENCY BAND
• A MORE DETAILED HF WARNING WILL FOLLOW IF
  DEPRESSIONS EVENTUATE.

83
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• Products Services
• Mailing List

Alerts Possibility of Auroral Event Magnetic
Alert Geomagnetic Sudden Impulse Detection
Flare Alert SWF Alert Proton Alert Radio
Sweep events detected at Culgoora GEOmagnetic
STorm Alert Tracking System Solar Wind Shock
Alert Solar Wind geomagnetic activity precursor
Alert Warnings Geophysical Warning HF
Warning Daily Reports Daily HF Propagation
Report Daily Solar and Geophysical Report
Automated Daily European HF Propagation Report
Daily Quiet Sun Radio Fluxes from Learmonth
Weekly Reports Weekly Geophysical Report
Weekly HF Propagation Report Weekly Solar and
Geophysical Report Monthly Reports Observed
and Predicted Solar Indices IPS Observed and
Predicted T Indices Monthly Solar and
Geophysical Report Other Ionosonde Network
Advisory Group Australian radio science general
mail list URSI Commission G Mailing List
Ionospheric Research Mailing List
84
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• Australia http//www.ips.gov.au/Main.php?CatID6
• Products Services
• SMS Services (only in Australia)

Short-Wave fadeout (SWF) AlertsExample
AUSTRALIAN REGION HF FADEOUT ALERT Minor fadeout
09-11-2000 start 0309 max 0314 end 0329 UT IPS
Radio Space Services Details www.ips.gov.au ph
02-92138010 Auroral AlertsExample AURORA
ALERT 1318 UT on 10 Nov 2000 Aurora may be
observed at high latitudes. IPS Radio Space
Services Details www.ips.gov.au ph 02 92138010
Geomagnetic AlertsExample GEOMAGNETIC ALERT
1516 UT on 10 Nov 2000 Minor geomagnetic storm in
progress IPS Radio Space Services Details
www.ips.gov.au ph 02 92138010 GEOSTAT
SystemExample IPS GEOSTAT ALERT 2 STATUS 5
MAJOR GEOMAGNETIC STORM POSSIBLE WITHIN 3-4 DAYS.
IPS RADIO AND SPACE SERVICES DETAILS
www.ips.gov.au 02 92138010
To subscribe to any of alerts for one year at a
nominal cost of 32.40 (AUD). There is a minimum
service charge of a total of AUD 40 per year for
all IPS services received.
85

• USA http//www.sel.noaa.gov/Data

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USA http//www.sec.noaa.gov/Data/alldata.html
Alerts and forecasts Title Read me Update Latest Older
As Conditions Warrant As Conditions Warrant As Conditions Warrant As Conditions Warrant As Conditions Warrant
SEC Space Weather Alerts watches, warnings, alerts, and summaries when issued web page text and timeline, or FTP file from September 2001
Space Weather Advisory Bulletin when issued latest 6 months
Daily or less Daily or less Daily or less Daily or less Daily or less
3-hourly WWV Geophysical Alert Message 3 hours latest 75 days
Solar and Geophysical Activity Report and 3-day Forecast after 2200UTC web page, or FTP file 75 days
3-day Space Weather Predictions after 2200UTC latest 75 days
45-day Ap and 10.7cm Forecast after 2114UTC latest 20 days
86

• USA http//www.sel.noaa.gov/Data

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USA http//www.sec.noaa.gov/Data/alldata.html
(continue)
Alerts and forecasts Title Read me Update Latest Older
Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly
Weekly Highlights and 27-day Forecast Tuesday latest from 1997
27-day 10cm, Ap, and Max Kp Outlook Tuesday latest from 1997
Space Weather Advisory Outlook Tuesday latest 6 months
Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly
Solar Cycle Prediction sunspot number 1st week of month web page, table, graph no
Solar Cycle Prediction 10cm radio flux 1st week of month web page, table, graph no
87

• USA http//www.sel.noaa.gov/Data

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(continue)
Models Title Read me Update Latest Older
Costello Geomagnetic Activity Index--Predicted Kp 3 hours latest , data list no
D-region Absorption Prediction 1 min latest no
Ionospheric Correction Model - STORM 15 min dynamic from 2000
The Wang Sheeley Model 12 hours latest no
Relativistic Electron Forecast Model 1 day latest no
88
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USA http//www.sec.noaa.gov/Data/alldata.html
(continue)
Reports and Summaries Title Read me Update Latest Older Archive
Daily or less Daily or less Daily or less Daily or less Daily or less Daily or less
Solar and Geophysical Activity Report and 3-day Forecast after 2200UTC web page, or FTP file 75 days from 1996
Solar Region Summary after 0030UTC latest 75 days from 1996
Solar and Geophysical Activity Summary after 0245UTC latest 75 days from 1996
Daily Summary of Space Weather Observations after 0200UTC latest 75 days no
GEOALERT after 0330UTC latest 75 days from 1996
Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly
Weekly Highlights and 27-day Forecast Tuesday latest from 1997 from 1997
"The Weekly" - Preliminary Report and Forecast of Solar Geophysical Data Tuesday latest from 1997 from 1997
89

• USA http//www.sel.noaa.gov/Data

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(continue)
Reports and Summaries Title Read me Update Latest Older Archive
Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly
Solar Cycle - ISES Solar Cycle AP Progression 1st week of month latest no no
Longer Longer Longer Longer Longer Longer
Solar Proton Events Affecting the Earth Environment as needed 2003 from 1976 from 1976
Solar Cycle 23 Project  - November 1996 -- -- -- --
Summary of Panel Findings - September 1997 -- -- -- --
SEC Forecast Verification yearly 2002 from 1986 from 1986
90

• USA http//www.sel.noaa.gov/Data

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(continue)
Indices Title Read me Update Latest Older Archive
Daily Space Weather Values---10cm solar radio flux SWO sunspot number, area, and new regions Stanford solar mean field GOES x-ray background flux and x-ray and optical flare counts, GOES proton and electron flux neutron monitor of background Fredericksburg, Boulder, College, and est. Planetary AK indices hourly today, yesterday 75 days NGDC
A indices and K indices--from the U.S. Geological Survey Stations 3 hours 2 days, 7 days from 1999 NGDC
Daily Geomagnetic Data--Fredericksburg, College, and est. Planetary AK indices 3 hours 30 days, quarter from 1994 NGDC
Daily Particle Data--GOES proton and electron fluence, neutron monitor of background 0230UTC 30 days, quarter from 1994 NGDC
Daily Solar Data--10cm solar radio flux SWO sunspot number, area, and new regions Stanford solar mean flux GOES x-ray background flux and x-ray and optical flare counts 0230UTC 30 days, quarter from 1994 NGDC
SOLAR2000 E10.7 (EUV) Index 2300UTC latest plot, latest data SET SET
Recent Solar Indices of Observed Monthly Mean Values--observed and smoothed sunspot number, 10cm solar radio flux, and Ap 1st week of month latest from 1991 NGDC
Solar Cycle Progression--sunspot number, 10cm solar radio flux, and Ap 1st week of month solar cycle no no
91

• USA http//www.sel.noaa.gov/Data

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(continue)
Measurements Real-time Displays and Plots Read me Update Latest Older Archive
"Space Weather Now" 5 min dynamic no no
"Today's Space Weather" 5 min dynamic no no
GOES X-ray Flux 1-min data 1 min dynamic no NGDC
Satellite Environment Plot 5 min dynamic, latest from 2000 NGDC
GOES X-ray Flux 5-min data 5 min dynamic, latest since 2000 NGDC
G