Chapter 02 Cultural Diversity

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Chapter 02 - Cultural Diversity

• Section 02 Cultural Variation

2
What We Have in Common

• Cultural universals
• Features common to all Cultures

body adornment, cooking, dancing, family,
feasting, forms of greeting, funeral ceremonies,
gift giving, housing, language, medicine, music,
myths and folklore, religion, sports,
toolmaking
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Variation Within Societies

• Subcultures
• groups in society that share values, norms, and
  behaviors not shared by the entire population

4
Variation Within Societies

• Examples
• age
• gender
• ethnic
• religious
• political
• geographic
• social-class
• occupational subcultures

5
Variation Within Societies

• Counterculture
• a group that rejects the major values, norms, and
  practices of the larger society and replaces them
  with a new set of cultural patterns.

6
Variation Within Societies

• Examples
• Utopians,
• prohibitionists,
• anarchists,
• socialists,
• free love advocates
• beats,
• radical environmentalists,
• queer communities,
• globalization protesters

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Studying Variation

• Ethnocentrism
• This tendency to view one's own culture and group
  as superior

8
Studying Variation

• Cultural Relativism
• the belief that cultures should be judged by
  their own standards rather than by applying the
  standards of another culture.