TRM 431 International Organisations Fall 20092010

1
TRM 431 International OrganisationsFall
2009-2010

• Lecturer Burçin Hatipoglu
• Meeting Times Tuesdays 4th hour and Thursdays
  5th and 6th hours

These slides are prepared by the lecturer using
the below sources UNSW Learning Center Class
notes of Maria D. Alvarez
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The Systems Approach

• The systems approach is based on 2 principles
• The organization is an open system
• The organization is constantly interacting with
  its environment

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The organization and its Environment
Inputs Transformation Outputs Raw
materials Employees work Products or
services Human resources ? Managements
activities ? Financial results Capital Operations
Information Technology Human results
Information
4
Factors affecting the organization from a systems
approach perspective

• Increasing globalization
• Products produced in several countries, sold in
  other countries
• Services being increasingly global
• The Internet and World Wide Web

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International environment

• Increasingly, the firm needs to look at the
  international environment as
• Suppliers, customers and competitors are not
  necessarily domestic
• International Governmental Organizations (IGOs)
  can dictate norms, provide funds for projects,
  etc. Ex EU
• Political, technological, social trends are
  increasingly global. Ex Global target markets,
  Sustainability
• Pressure Groups Non-governmental Organizations
  (NGOs) at international level can be very
  influential. Ex Greenpeace may manage to stop
  the construction of a resort in an
  environmentally rich area.

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Tourism

• The tourism industry is increasingly global as
  the rate of international versus domestic tourism
  increases.
• Also because of the ease of transportation, more
  free time and disposable income available.
• The tourism experience is formed by many
  interrelated areas Bookings (travel agent)
  transportation and infrastructure museums,
  leisure facilities Food and beverage etc.
• International topics affecting tourism include
  environment, peace and terrorism, culture and
  heritage, trade and balance of payments,
  infrastructure, transportation, consumer
  protection, work practices, etc.
• In fact, problems concerning many of these areas
  can only be solved through an international
  effort.

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Tourism a component of International Relations

• Tourism is as much part of foreign policy as a
  commercial activity. It is a component of
  International Relations
• The encouragement of travel flows between nations
  may be evidence of a positive political
  relationship (ex States inside European Union).
• Travel flows between nations encourage economic
  interdependence. Example Germany and Turkey
• Tourism can serve as a force for peace. The
  greater contact between nations, the greater the
  international understanding Ex Greece and Turkey

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TRM 431 PRESENTATION

• Giving the presentation will involve
• reading background material
• preparing your presentation
• preparing necessary handouts and visual aids
• preparing relevant and thought-provoking
  questions
• leading the discussion
• submitting a written assignment based on the
  presentation topic

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Planning Structuring Your Presentation

• Timing
• You have a time limit of twenty five minutes for
  your presentation and twenty minutes for the
  discussion. Consider
• the time limit
• the amount of information available, and how much
  of it you can cover
• how much detail you can include
• dividing the material into sections, with subject
  headings
• the most effective way to present your
  information (OHTs, slides, videos, handouts,
  whiteboard etc.)
• deleting less important topics from the paper
  rather than hurrying to cover everything.
• if you write a 'script', allow roughly 400 words
  for each five minutes.

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Introduction

• A good introduction will capture the audiences
  attention.
• Tell your audience what you are going to talk
  about. State
• what your topic is, and what your presentation
  will cover
• an outline of the main points
• any necessary history or definition of terms.

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Body

• The body of your presentation is where you
  develop the main points of your talk, and present
  examples and evidence.
• The information in the body needs to be well
  structured.
• Decide on an organizing principle. It could be by
  chronological order, theme or order of importance

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Conclusion

• The conclusion is usually a summary of the main
  points made in the body of the talk. Don't
  introduce any new information in the conclusion.
  Take the opportunity to show that you have
  covered all the points you made in your
  introduction.
• Work out how you will finish your talk. You can
  signal your conclusion with the phrase 'In
  conclusion . . .'
• Restate the main points
• Re-answer the question

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Preparing to Speak

• Decide on how you will keep the audience
  interested. Plan an opening that will attract
  interest and direct the group's attention to your
  topic
• Rehearse

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Giving the Presentation

• Stand in a balanced position, facing the
  audience, feet apart.
• Speak clearly and try not to talk too fast. When
  we are nervous, we tend to talk quickly, so try
  to be aware of this tendency. Don't be afraid to
  pause.
• Maintain eye contact with your audience
• Don't read straight from your paper. This is
  boring for your audience.

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Working with Visuals Technology

• Any visual materials or multimedia you use should
  support and add impact to your presentation.
• They can
• illustrate factors which are hard to explain with
  words alone
• show reality (photographs, plans, maps)
• Help the audience to visualize abstract concepts
  (charts/diagrams)
• reinforce or compare information and (numbers,
  graphs, charts)

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Example for a bad presentation graph
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Discussion

• Answering Questions from the Audience
• After your presentation, encourage your
  classmates to ask you questions
• Asking Your Questions to the Audience and Leading
  the Discussion
• Start with an easier question. Anticipate the
  first silence of the audience. Wait silently
  until someone volunteers to start.
• Expect that some answers are going to be very
  short. You should be prepared to ask further
  questions. Watch the time limit and interfere
  with the discussion as you need.

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How to adress the issues

• Global Warming and its effects on Tourism
• Definition
• What are the relevant International
  Organisations? Nongovernmental, Governmental
  ...Ex UN, EU
• What are the relevant rules and regulations? Ex
  Kyoto

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How to adress the issues

• Turkey
• What has been done in Turkey so far regarding
  global warming.
• The information given until now should comprimise
  one fourth of the presentation.
• The rest should be reserved for discussing
• Global warming and its effects on Tourism.

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External Env.
Climate Change
Global Warming