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WELCOME TO
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• Precipitation, evaporation, and transpiration
  are all part of the water cycle.
• A complex process that not only gives us
  water to drink, fish to eat, but also weather
  patterns that help grow our crops.

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The Life Cycle of Water

• More technically called the hydrologic cycle,
  it is the never-ending, worldwide process of
  water circulation from clouds to land, to the
  ocean, and back to the clouds.

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WaterLife!

• Water is an integral part of life on this planet.
  It is an odorless, tasteless, substance that
  covers more than three-fourths of the Earth's
  surface.

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There are six important processes that makeup
the water cycle Lets begin with Evaporation!
Scientific Concepts

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Water Cycle - Evaporation

• Evaporation is the process where a liquid, in
  this case water, changes from its liquid state to
  a gaseous state. Liquid water becomes water
  vapor.

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Water Vapor in the Atmosphere

• During the water cycle some of the water in the
  oceans and freshwater bodies, such as lakes and
  rivers, is warmed by the sun and evaporates.

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Which letter refers to Evaporation?
D
B
C
E
F
A
G
H
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Correct!

• You are soaring in the clouds!!

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• Lets review and try again ?

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Now we will consider Condensation!
Scientific Concepts

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Water Cycle - Condensation

• Condensation is the opposite of evaporation.
  Condensation occurs when a gas is changed into a
  liquid. When the water droplets formed from
  condensation are very small, they remain
  suspended in the atmosphere. These droplets form
  clouds in the sky!

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Which letter refers to Condensation?
D
B
C
E
F
A
G
H
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Correct!

• You are soaring in the clouds!!

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• Lets review and try again ?

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Now we will consider Precipitation!
Scientific Concepts

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Water Cycle - Precipitation

• When the small droplets of water in clouds form
  larger droplets, precipitation occurs. Then
  raindrops fall to Earth. As a result of
  evaporation, condensation and precipitation,
  water travels from the surface of the Earth goes
  into the atmosphere, and returns to Earth again.

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Which letter refers to Precipitation?
D
B
C
E
F
A
G
H
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Correct!

• You are soaring in the clouds!!

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Now we will consider Surface Runoff!
Scientific Concepts

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Water Cycle Surface Runoff

• Much of the water that returns to Earth as
  precipitation runs off the surface of the land
  and flows into rivers, and lakes.
• Eventually the water flows into the ocean.
• Surface runoff is an important part of the water
  cycle because much of the water returns to the
  oceans, where evaporation occurs.

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Which letter refers to Surface Runoff?
D
B
C
E
F
A
G
H
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Correct!

• You are soaring in the clouds!!

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Now we will considerSubsurface Runoff or
Infiltration!
Scientific Concepts

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Water Cycle - Infiltration

• Infiltration is when rain water soaks into
  the ground. Some water returns to the surface at
  springs or in low spot. However, some of the
  water remains underground and is called
  groundwater.

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Which letter refers to Infiltration?
D
B
C
E
F
A
G
H
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Correct!

• You are soaring in the clouds!!

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Lastly we will considerTranspiration!
Scientific Concepts

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Water Cycle Transpiration

• This final process is important in the water
  cycle. As plants absorb water from the soil, the
  water moves from the roots through the stems to
  the leaves. Once the water reaches the leaves,
  some of it evaporates, adding to the amount of
  water vapor in the air. This process of
  evaporation through plant leaves is called
  transpiration.

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Which letter refers toTranspiration?
D
B
C
E
F
A
G
H
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Correct!

• You are soaring in the clouds!!

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• Lets review and try again ?

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GREAT JOB! YOU ARE ON FIRE!

• Here is a tough one! Do you remember the only
  other concept that we have not covered?
• Hint Its actually NOT a process but a stop
  for water in the cycle where it collects is it
• A) Evaporation B) Condensation C)
  Accumulation D)Transpiration

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Correct!

• You are soaring in the clouds!!

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• Lets review and try again ?

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There are six important processes that makeup
the water cycle
Scientific Concepts


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CLOUD FORMATION

• You are about to learn more
• about how clouds form
• and produce rain!!

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Are you a bit cloudy on this topic? Then go here
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Lets review theWater Cycle!

• Water is constantly being cycled between the
  atmosphere, the ocean and land. This cycling is a
  very important process that helps sustain life on
  Earth.
• As the water evaporates, vapors rise and
  condense into clouds. The clouds move over the
  land, and precipitation falls in the form of
  rain, ice or snow. The water fills streams and
  rivers, and eventually flows back into the oceans
  where evaporation starts the process anew.

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The Water Cycle!
Water's state (solid, liquid or gas) is
determined mostly by temperature. Although water
continuously changes states from solid to liquid
to gas, the amount of water on Earth remains
constant. There is as much water now as there was
hundreds of millions of years ago.
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Cloud Formation

• Precipitation is one key to the water cycle.
  Rain comes from clouds, but where do clouds come
  from?
• Through the process of evaporation and
  transpiration, water moves into the atmosphere.
  Eventually, water returns to Earth as
  precipitation.

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Where are Clouds Found?

• All clouds contain water vapors. You rarely ever
  see clouds in the desert because there is very
  little water to evaporate and form clouds.
  Coastal regions can receive a lot of rain because
  they pull up moisture from surrounding waters.

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Why do Clouds Form?

• Cloud size are influenced by many complex
  factors. These include heat, seasons, mountain
  ranges, bodies of water, volcanic eruptions, and
  even global warming.

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Why are there clouds in the sky?

• Clouds form as warm air is forced upward, expands
  and cools.
• When the relative humidity reaches 100, the air
  is saturated.
• Water vapor begins to condense in tiny drops on
  particles of dust, salt and smoke in the
  atmosphere.
• These drops are so small that they can be
  suspended in the air.

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What is Relative Humidity?

• Relative humidity is a measure of the amount of
  water vapor in the air compared to the amount it
  can hold at a given temperature.
• Once the RH100 condensation occurs.
• Example Air at 40? C is saturated when it
  contains 20g of water vapor. If this parcel of
  air contains 10g of water vapor, the RH50

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Can you calculate the RH?

• Air at 30?C is saturated when
• it contains 16g of water vapor.
• What is the RH if the air contains
• 12g of water vapor?

C) 75
A) 25
B) 50
D) 90
E) 125
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• Lets review and try again ?

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Correct!

• You are soaring in the clouds!!

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When do the clouds form?

• Once the RH has reached 100, additional water
  vapor will condense back to a liquid or freeze,
  depending on the temperature.
• The temperature at which air becomes saturated
  and condensation takes place is the DEW POINT
  temperature.

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There are many funny names for clouds. Have you
ever wondered why clouds have such weird names?

• In 1802 an Englishman by the name of Luke Howard
  invented the cloud naming system that is still in
  use today.
• Howard used Latin names to describe clouds. (The
  first part of a cloud's name describes height,
  the second part shape.)
• The prefixes denoting heights are
• cirro, high clouds above 20,000 feet (6,250
  meters)
• alto and mid level clouds between 6,000 - 20,000
  feet (1,875 - 6,250 meters).
• There is no prefix for low level clouds.

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Shape and Color are Important

• The names denoting shapes are
• cirrus mean curly or fibrous,
• stratus means layered, while
• cumulus means lumpy or piled.
• Nimbo or nimbus is added to indicate
• that a cloud can produce precipitation
• These are often DARK colored clouds.

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We will study (3) different cloud types
Cirrus
Stratus
Cumulus
Click on the cloud type to learn more about each
one!
Click here to take the Cloud Type Quiz!
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CIRRUS CLOUDS
Cirrus are detached clouds in the form of white,
delicate filaments or mostly white patches of
narrow bands. These clouds have a fibrous
(hair-like) appearance, or a silky sheen, or
both.
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STRATUS CLOUDS
Stratus is a generally a gray cloud layer with a
fairly uniform base, which may give drizzle, ice
prisms or snow grains. When the sun is visible
through the cloud, its outline is clearly
discernible.
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CUMULUS CLOUDS
These types of clouds are most often detached
clouds, generally dense and with sharp outlines.
They develop vertically in the form of rising
mounds, domes or towers, having their bases
located in the low level stage.
The sunlit parts of these clouds are mostly
brilliant white.
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Cloud Type Quiz

• Using the pictures and the clues provided,
• see if you can identify the following clouds!

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Cloud Quiz 1
These clouds appear fibrous or curly. They are
high, thin, white, feathery clouds containing ice
crystals
Hint These clouds are CIRRIOUS-ly High!
A) CUMULUS
B) CIRRUS
C) STRATUS
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CIRRUS CLOUDS
Cirrus are detached clouds in the form of white,
delicate filaments or mostly white patches of
narrow bands. These clouds have a fibrous
(hair-like) appearance, or a silky sheen, or
both.
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Correct!

• You are soaring in the clouds!!

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Cloud Quiz 2
These clouds generally fill the sky and are often
associated with steady rainfall.
Hint When the sun shines through these clouds
you can clearly see their outline!
A) CUMULUS
B) CIRRUS
C) STRATUS
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STRATUS CLOUDS
Stratus is a generally a gray cloud layer with a
fairly uniform base, which may give drizzle, ice
prisms or snow grains. When the sun is visible
through the cloud, its outline is clearly
discernible.
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Correct!

• You are soaring in the clouds!!

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Cloud Quiz 3
These clouds are masses of puffy white clouds,
often with flat bases. The may tower to great
heights and can be associated with both fair
weather and thunderstorms.
Hint These clouds look like giant cotton balls!!
A) CUMULUS
B) CIRRUS
C) STRATUS
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• Lets review and try again ?

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CUMULUS CLOUDS
These types of clouds are most often detached
clouds, generally dense and with sharp outlines.
They develop vertically in the form of rising
mounds, domes or towers, having their bases
located in the low level stage.
The sunlit parts of these clouds are mostly
brilliant white.
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Correct!

• You are soaring in the clouds!!

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CONGRATULATIONS!!

• You have completed this portion
• of the weather unit on
• CLOUD Formation and Types!
• Now you are ready to learn about
• Severe Weather and Thunderstorms!!

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