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Water to Drink

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pH of water is a measurement of how acidic or basic it is (scale of 0-14) ... 2nd step add alum to cause sticky globs (flocs) to form (other particles stick ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Water to Drink


1
Water to Drink
  • Sources of drinking water
  • On earths surface
  • Rivers
  • Lakes
  • Reservoirs
  • Underground
  • Aquifers

2
Treating Drinking Water
  • Water from both public and private supplies often
    needs some treatment to ensure that the water is
    safe and appealing to drink.

3
Appearance and Taste
  • Water Quality a measurement of the substances
    in water besides water molecules.
  • Factors affecting water quality
  • Cloudiness
  • Odor
  • Color

4
Acidity
  • pH of water is a measurement of how acidic or
    basic it is (scale of 0-14)
  • Pure water is neutral (pH of 7)
  • The lower the pH, the more acidic the water
  • The higher the pH, the more basic the water
  • Acidic water can cause many problems

5
Hardness
  • Calcium and magnesium make up the waters
    hardness
  • High levels of these minerals make the water
    harder
  • Hard water does not produce suds well with soap
  • So, more soap to clean and it can also clog pipes

6
Disease-Causing Organisms
  • Test for E. coli bacteria
  • This bacteria is present in animal and human
    waste material, so its presence indicates that
    the water contains waste material.

7
Standards of Quality
  • EPA Environmental Protection Agency
  • Protect quality of water
  • Set concentration limits for certain chemicals
  • Concentration amount of one substance in a
    certain volume of another substance

8
Typical Treatment Plant
  • 1st step Filtration passing water through a
    series of screens that allows the water through,
    but not larger solid particles
  • 2nd step add alum to cause sticky globs (flocs)
    to form (other particles stick to the
    flocscalled coagulation)
  • 3rd step Add chlorine (to kill disease-causing
    microorganisms)

9
Water Distribution
  • From treatment plant
  • To central pumping station
  • Into an underground network of concrete pipes
  • Water pressure is steady

10
Treating Wastewater
  • Sewage wastewater and different kids of wastes
    in it
  • Sanitary sewer systems (carry sewage away from
    homes, etc)
  • Most communities treat their wastewater to make
    it safe to return to the environment

11
Sludge
  • During wastewater treatment deposits of fine
    solids that settle out from the wastewater
  • Useful material
  • Used as fertilizer
  • Used in secondary treatment

12
Septic System
  • For people not connected to public sewer systems
  • Septic tank underground tank containing
    bacteria that treat wastewater as it passes
    through.
  • Sludge must be cleaned out regularly
  • Leach field area around a septic tank that the
    water filters through

13
Balancing Water Needs
  • A water shortage occurs when there is too little
    water or too great a demand in an area or both

14
Drought
  • Places that normally get enough precipitation may
    experience a few years of scarce rainfall.a
    condition known as a drought
  • Affects the supply of groundwater as well as
    surface water

15
Aquifer Overuse
  • Even without droughts, the demands of growing
    populations can result in overuse of aquifers
  • When too much water is pumped out of an aquifer,
    the ground above the aquifer can sink or collapse

16
Conserve Water
  • Using a resource wisely so that is will not be
    used up conservation
  • In the home
  • In agriculture
  • In industry
  • REDUCING WATER, RECYLCING WATER, AND REUSING
    WATER ARE THREE MAJOR FORMS OF WATER CONSERVATION
    BY INDUSTRIES

17
Freshwater for the Future
  • Desalination obtaining freshwater from salt
    water
  • Very expensive, uses a lot of energy
  • Some cities depend on this process
  • Icebergs would provide millions of liters of
    freshwaterget there by a tugboat
  • ???-how would that affect weather, and how would
    it affect the living things around it as it
    cooled the water
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