Myers PSYCHOLOGY Seventh Edition in Modules

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Myers PSYCHOLOGY Seventh Edition in Modules

• Module 19
• Drugs and Consciousness
• James A. McCubbin, Ph.D.
• Clemson University
• Worth Publishers

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Drugs and Consciousness

• Psychoactive Drug
• a chemical substance that alters perceptions and
  mood
• Physical Dependence
• physiological need for a drug
• marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms
• Psychological Dependence
• a psychological need to use a drug
• for example, to relieve negative emotions

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Dependence and Addiction

• Tolerance
• diminishing effect with regular use
• Withdrawal
• discomfort and distress that follow discontinued
  use

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Psychoactive Drugs

• Depressants
• drugs that reduce neural activity
• alcohol, barbiturates, opiates
• slow body functions

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Psychoactive Drugs

• Alcohol
• affects motor skills, judgement, and memory
• reduces self awareness
• Barbiturates
• drugs that depress the activity of the central
  nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing
  memory and judgement

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Psychoactive Drugs

• Opiates
• opium and its derivatives (morphine and heroin)
• opiates depress neural activity, temporarily
  lessening pain and anxiety
• highly addictive

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Psychoactive Drugs

• Stimulants
• drugs that excite neural activity
• caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine
• speed up body functions

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Psychoactive Drugs

• Amphetamines
• drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing
  speeded-up body functions and associated energy
  and mood changes

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Psychoactive Drugs

• Cocaine
• effects depend on dosage, form, expectations,
  personality and situation
• coca leaves
• powder
• crack

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Cocaine Euphoria and Crash
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Psychoactive Drugs

• Ecstasy
• MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
• stimulant and mild hallucinogen
• dangerous short and long term effects

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Psychoactive Drugs

• Hallucinogens
• psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort
  perceptions and evoke sensory images in the
  absence of sensory input
• LSD
• MDMA (Ecstasy)

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Psychoactive Drugs

• LSD
• lysergic acid diethylamide
• a powerful hallucinogenic drug
• also known as acid
• THC
• the major active ingredient in marijuana
• triggers a variety of effects, including mild
  hallucinations

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Psychoactive Drugs
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Trends in Drug Use
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Perceived Marijuana Risk
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Near-Death Experiences

• Near-Death Experience
• an altered state of consciousness reported after
  a close brush with death
• often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

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Near-Death Experiences

• Dualism
• the presumption that mind and body are two
  distinct entities that interact
• Monism
• the presumption that mind and body are different
  aspects of the same thing