Renewable Energy in Africa Status and Prospects

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Renewable Energy in AfricaStatus and Prospects

• AFREPREN/FWD

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Overview

• Background on energy supply and consumption in
  Africa
• AFREPREN/FWDs assessment of RETs development in
  Africa
• How the penetration of RETs could be improved

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Background on energy supply and consumption in
Africa
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Energy Supply in Africa

• Africa produces less than 10 of the worlds
  energy supply

Biomass refers to combustible renewables
(mainly fuelwood, charcoal and agro-residues) and
waste Source IEA, 2005
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Energy Consumption in Africa
Biomass refers to combustible renewables
(mainly fuelwood, charcoal and agro-residues) and
waste Source IEA, 2005
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African Energy Sector 3 distinct regions

• North Africa oil and gas sub-region
• South Africa coal sub-region
• Sub-Saharan Africa biomass region

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Population With No Electricity (Millions) A few
successes (Ghana, Mauritius, S. Africa, Zimbabwe)
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Status of Renewables in Africa

• Africa is endowed with substantial renewable
  energy resources

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AFREPREN/FWDs assessment of RETs development in
Africa
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Emphasis on Conventional Energy Options

• Higher proportion of funding allocated to
  conventional energy sector - large-scale hydro
  and petroleum
• Ethiopia Virtually entire energy budget
  allocated to conventional large scale investments
  
• Smaller scale renewables largely left out (even
  dominant biomass is ignored)
• Results contributes to low levels of access to
  modern energy which, in turn, contribute to
  increased poverty

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Energy Pyramid Need for Better Balance
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Why Promote Renewables in Africa? Implications
for the Poor

• Significant energy resource potential exists
• Conventional energy supply unreliable and not
  reaching the poor
• Enhance competitiveness of agro-industries
• Job creation potential

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Estimated Job Creation Potential
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Energy as of Cost of Production
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How Can Penetration of Renewable Energy in Africa
be Improved?
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How Can Penetration of RE be Improved?

• Rationale for promoting renewables not well
  argued
• Climate change and environmental concerns not
  applicable in Africa
• Solid rationale for promoting renewables
• Enhancing modern energy access to the poor
• Availability of plentiful and cost-competitive
  renewables (hydro geothermal)
• Ability to provide cost-competitive energy
  services to remote rural settlements
• Significant job and enterprise creation potential
• Increased attention towards non-electrical RETs

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Non-electrical Options for Poverty Alleviation

• Low cost but more efficient biomass-based
  combustion
• Improved cookstoves (household and institutional)
• Efficient charcoal kilns, brick making kilns
• fish smokers, tea dryers and wood dryers
• Pico and micro hydro for shaft power
• Can be used to process agricultural produce,
  increase its value and pump water for irrigation
• Low cost efficient tools and equipment using
  human or animal energy
• Increase the agricultural productivity of the
  rural poor
• E.g Treadle pumps for small-scale irrigation

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Non-electrical Options

• Solar dryers
• Can lower post-harvest losses and enable the
  rural farmers market their produce when prices
  are higher
• Solar water pasteurizers
• Provide clean potable water and reduce water
  borne diseases, which translates to increased
  availability of labor and thus increases
  agricultural output
• Solar water heaters
• Significant reduction in electricity load for
  heating water, and significant potential for
  local manufacture and assembly

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Case Study Treadle Irrigation Pump

• Simple, low-cost pumping technologies for
  irrigation and water supply
• Use in irrigation increases incomes of rural
  farmers by over ten-fold
• 45,000 pumps in use by poor farmers in Kenya and
  Tanzania
• 29,000 new waged jobs created
• 70 of pumps managed by women
• 4 manufacturers in the region, with over 200
  retailers selling pumps in Kenya, Tanzania and
  Mali

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Case Study Windpump for Water Supply in Remote
Rural Areas
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Case Study Improved Charcoal Kenya Ceramic Jiko

• One of the most successful stove projects in
  Africa
• Made of metal cladding with a wide base and a
  ceramic liner (safer to use - cooler on the
  outside)
• In use in about 100 of urban households in Kenya
  (16 of rural homes)
• 2.6 million stoves in use in Kenya alone
  (cumulative production now over 15 million)
• Fully self-sustaining using locally produced
  materials and skills generated jobs new
  enterprises
• Reduces charcoal consumption by 30-50

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Case Study Improved Charcoal Kenya Ceramic Jiko

• KCJ in use in Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Ethiopia,
  Zambia, Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi Senegal
• Being introduced in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger,
  Ghana and Madagascar

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Thank You

• Contacts
• AFREPREN/FWD
• Elgeyo Marakwet Close, Kilimani
• P. O. Box 30979, 00100 GPO
• Nairobi, Kenya
• Tel [phone]
• Fax [phone]
• E-mail afrepren_at_africaonline.co.ke
• Website www.afrepren.org