Unit Test Review

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Unit Test Review

• Cells and Heredity

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Inheritance
T is the dominant allele. The recessive allele
is t.
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Inheritance
The chance of being tall is 75 The chance of
being short is 25.
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Cell Function

• Nucleus - control center of the cell
• Cytoplasm- jellylike material in the cell
• Ribosomes- where proteins are assembled

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Diffusion

• Particles move from an area of higher
  concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• Passive transport of molecules other than water
  across a selectively permeable membrane.

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Osmosis- Passive Movement of Water
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Active Transport

• Active transport can be done by transport
  proteins.
• Active transport can be done by engulfing.

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DNA

• Adenine bonds with Thymine
• Guanine bonds with Cytosine

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• DNA doubles by replication

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Natural Selection

• There are variations in a species.
• Some individuals are better adapted to the
  environment.
• Better adapted individuals are more likely to
  survive.
• Variations that are genetic will be passed on to
  the next generation.

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1838

• Matthais Schleiden (1804-1881) observed that
  plants are composed of cells.

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1839

• Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) observed that animals
  are composed of cells.

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1663

• Robert Hooke (1635-1703) observed cell structure
  in a thin slice of cork.

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1855

• Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) proposed that new
  cells come from pre-existing cells.

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1683

• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) observed
  single-celled organisms through the microscope
  that he invented.

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1858

• Charles Darwin(1809-1882) and Alfred Russel
  Wallace (1823-1913) proposed an explanation for
  how evolution occurs.

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Cell Cycle
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Cell Cycle
Metaphase- chromosomes are aligned across the
middle Anaphase- chromatids move toward the
poles Telophase- the cell membrane pinches in and
the nucleus begins to reform
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Cell Cycle
The cell spends most of its time in
interphase Cytokinesis is the last step of the
cell cycle resulting in two new cells.
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Homologous Structures

• Body parts that are structurally similar in
  related species and provide evidence that the
  structures were inherited from a common ancestor

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Over time, mutations accumulate leading to
variation in the species. A change in a species
can arise when groups become isolated and those
best suited for survival in a new environment
pass on their traits.
http//evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/lines/Iatran
sitional.shtml
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Branching Tree
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The geologic time scale shows the relationships
of species as a function of time.