FRBR Enhancing the Users Experience

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FRBR Enhancing the Users Experience

• Deb Bendig and
• Dawn Hendricks
• OCLC

2005 WiLS Fall Peer Council October 10, 2005
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This morning

• Quick general FRBR overview -Deb
• FRBR Implementations -Deb
• FRBR in FirstSearch WorldCat Dawn
• FRBR in Open WorldCat - Deb
• FRBR and Cataloging - Deb
• Local catalogs and FRBR - Deb
• 10 minute breaks on the hour, or close!

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General FRBR Overview

• Deb Bendig
• Product Manager,
• Discovery View of WorldCat
• OCLC
• dbendig_at_oclc.org

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IFLAs Functional Requirements for Bibliograp
hic Records IFLA Study Group on the Functiona
l Requirements for Bibliographic Records, 1998.
http//www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.pdf
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Why FRBR?

• What information is of the most value to users of
  the catalog?
  
• How can that most valuable information be used
  more effectively?

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What FRBR Is Isnt?

• It isnt a standard
• So, its not something to implement
• Its a conceptual model
• It helps us think about current standards and
  practices
  
• Its a tool
• It clarifies how catalogs should function

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Four User Tasks

• Find
• Identify
• Select
• Obtain
• And, maybe a fifth
• Navigate

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Group 1 Bibliographic Entities

• Work
• A distinct intellectual or artistic creation
• Expression
• The intellectual or artistic realization of a
  work
  
• Manifestation
• The physical embodiment of an expression of a
  work
  
• Item
• A single example of a manifestation

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Work
is realized through
Expression

is embodied in
Manifestation
recursive
one
is exemplified by
many
Item
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Edna Ferbers Show Boat
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Group 2 Responsible Entities

• Person
• Corporate Body
• And perhaps a third
• Family

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Group 3 Subject Entities

• Concept
• Object
• Event
• Place
• Plus the Group 1 and 2 Entities

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Attributes

• A set of characteristics that serve as the basis
  for formulating queries and interpreting
  responses
  
• Can be either inherent or externally applied

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FRBR is about relationships.
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FRBR Implementations
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OCLC Research work with FRBR

• Analysis and dissemination
• Developed and released an algorithm
• Several research papers
• OCLC Office of Research FRBR Web Site
• http//www.oclc.org/research/projects/frbr/

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OCLC uses of the FRBR algorithm

• Our FRBRization has been done primarily at the
  work level
  
• We have FRBRized OCLC WorldCat
• 60,000,000 records
• 1,000,000,000 holdings
• Norwegian BIBSYS records
• Finnish national bibliography
• Electronic thesis metadata

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OCLC Research work with FRBR

• xISBN
• FictionFinder

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xISBN
Eucalyptus / Murray Bail 1998 Melbourne Text
Pub. ISBN 1875847634

- 1875847634 18
60464947 1860464955 sbn963859313x 2221087615
9532060065 9657120055isbn
Eucalyptus 1998 Melbourne Text Pub.
Eucalyptus 1998 London Harvill Press
Eucalyptus 1999 London Panther
Eukaliptusz 1999 Budapest Ulpius-ház
Hungarian Eucalyptus 1999 Paris R. Laffont
French Eukaliptus 1999 Zagreb Meandar Croa
tian Ek?alipt?us 2001 Tel Aviv Hargol Hebre
w
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xISBN bookmarklet
Is the book at my library?
http//www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/074753274
5/qid1080593309/sr1-2/refsr_1_10_2/202-1831146-
0603065
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OCLCs FictionFinder Prototype

• Brings together expressions and manifestations of
  the same work for 2.3 million bibliographic
  records for fiction
  
• The records are clustered at the work level using
  the OCLC FRBR Work-Set Algorithm
  
• Expression-level grouping is by language
• Exploits existing bibliographic, authority, and
  holdings information
  
• Summaries, genre terms, and subject headings are
  featured in work/expression displays

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OCLCs FictionFinder Prototype
http//fictionfinder.oclc.org/
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OCLCs FictionFinder Prototype
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RLGs RedLightGreen

• Designed for fast undergraduate research
• Limited searching options
• FRBR-ish Merrilee Proffitt, RLG
• http//www.redlightgreen.com

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RLGs RedLightGreen
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VTLS has implemented FRBR

• Vinod Chachra, Chairman CEO, VTLS Inc. and John
  Espley, Director of Design, VTLS Inc
  
• http//www.vtls.com/Corporate/FRBR.shtml
• Virtua system
• OPAC displays in tree model
• Work, expression, and manifestation records
  created

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Innovative Interfaces Inc. - coming

• As per Claudia Conrad, IUG13, July 2005, III
  will
  
• Use OCLCs FRBR Work-Set Algorithm as a starting
  point
  
• Automatically build keys that define the group
  one entities appropriate to a bibliographic
  record
  
• Web OPAC will provide FRBR access via keys
• Millennium will automatically create keys in bib
  records
  
• Future development may include a more complex
  linked records approach

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Open WorldCat and FRBR
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FRBR - Future Plans
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Cataloging
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Building a catalog

• A corollary of Michael Gorman's principle that
  cataloguers describe the item in hand, it seems
  to me, is the principle that cataloguers are
  engaged in building catalogues, not just in
  creating individual bibliographic records.
• - J. McRee Elrod, AUTOCAT LISTSERV, Tue, 8 Feb
  2005 062427

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From Allyson Carlyle

• What is being said is still speculative
• The potential biggest differences in workflow
  would be in
  
• identifying the work, expression, and
  manifestation entities explicitly instead of
  implicitly and, potentially,
  
• making decisions about when to apply the use of
  the work expression entities when not (since
  there is much being said about partial
  implementation of FRBR in cases in which it is
  useful).

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Resource Description and Access

• To be published in 2008
• Tom Delsey, General Editor
• Concepts and terminology from Functional
  Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)
  will be incorporated in the rules AACR3
  strategic plan
• http//www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc/rda.html

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How does FRBR fit in?

• Increased emphasis on serving the needs of users
• Incorporation of FRBR terminology
• Return to principle-based rules
• Increased consistency
• Improved collocation
• Explicit inclusion of authority control

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Uniform Titles

• Chapter 25 (Uniform Titles) will be revised to
  incorporate the concept of expression-level
  citations.

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Mapping MARC 21 Linking Entry Fields

• Taxonomies of bibliographic relationships have
  been proposed
  
• PCC Standing Committee on Automation Task Group
  on Linking Entries
  
• Pat Riva Article Mapping MARC 21 Linking Entry
  Fields to FRBR and Tilletts Taxonomy of
  Bibliographic Relationships, LRTS, 48 no2 Ap
  2004

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Mapping ISBD Elements to FRBR Entity Attributes
and Relationships

• http//www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mapping
  Final.pdf (2004-07-28)
  

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Emerging FRBR models

• Model A Bibliographic records for each FRBR
  level (work, expression, manifestation, item)
  
• Model B Bibliographic and authority records
  created as now
  
• Functional Analysis of the MARC 21Bibliographic
  and Holdings Formats
  
• (http//www.loc.gov/marc/marc-functional-analysis/
  functional-analysis.html)
  

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Some considerations

• Legacy data may be the easy part. When you have
  something new, how to know at which level to
  catalog?
  
• How will you know for sure which other
  manifestations/expressions should be linked to it
  when you only have the piece you have?
  
• At what level should each piece of information
  should exist?

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What about the costs?

• Need to control cataloging costs?
• Need to create more records?
• The 80/20 (or 90/10) rule?

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A goal for future cataloging

• Work
• Authorized forms of names
• Subject headings
• Classification numbers
• Some notes

• Expression
• Info from Work record
• Other subject headings
• Notes, etc.

• Expression
• Info from Work record
• Other subject headings
• Notes, etc.

• Manifestation
• Info from Expression Record
• Notes, etc.

• Manifestation
• Info from Expression Record
• Notes, etc.

• Item
• Notes, etc.
• Barcodes

• Item
• Notes, etc.
• Barcodes

• Item
• Notes, etc.
• Barcodes

• Item
• Notes, etc.
• Barcodes

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What can you do now?

• Uniform titles are your friends use them!
• Verify your headings in the Authority File
• Take an extra few seconds to be sure that coding
  in MARC records is correct
  
• Ask your local systems vendor about their plans
  for FRBR
  
• Learn FRBR terms and concepts

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FRBRWhat it will mean for local
catalogs?Your users will experience more
efficient access to the material they need
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The OPAC experience
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Main barriers to use of material

• Availability
• Language of item
• Technical format of item
• Equipment required to read/hear/see

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FRBR and Local Catalogs the industry to do
list

• Decide where work info resides authority record
  or bibliographic record
  
• How to share records/record sets
• Create separate records for work, expression,
  manifestation, or build down?
  
• How to navigate among levels
• How to respond to request for material
  format/language?

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One key question on-the-fly, or store work
records?

• If fixed view of catalog, pre-coordinate (except
  results to match the search?)
  
• If view varies, hybrid approach (e.g.,
  pre-coordinate then choose records that fit the
  search)
  
• Issue what are you showing users as results if
  they search more than work attributes?

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Whats next?

• Experimentation, e.g.,
• Jennifer Bowen, UR Voyager OPAC mockups
  (search bowen voyager frbr)
  
• More theoretical work and discussion, e.g.,
• Serials - Frieda Rosenberg and Diane Hillman,
  et. al. www.lib.unc.edu/cat/mfh/serials_approach_f
  rbr.pdf
  
• Incremental implementations
• WorldCat, RedLightGreen

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And, a question for catalogers

• Do the upcoming FirstSearch changes look useful
  in your workflow?

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Thank You Questions?
For more information please contact

• Dawn Hendricks
• Dawn_hendricks_at_oclc.org
• [phone], ext.6185

Deb Bendig dbendig_at_oclc.org [phone], ext.
5084