Ancient Egypt

1
Ancient Egypt

• Daniel Gima, Jon. Itokazu
• Period 4

2
Background Info.
3

• Ancient Egypt is made up of the thin strip of
  land that sits alongside the Nile River in the
  desert of North Africa.
  
• The Nile valley itself is ten miles wide and six
  hundred miles long. Egypt is split into two
  regions The Valley/ Upper Egypt, and the Delta/
  Lower Egypt.
• The Valley is a long narrow sliver of land in to
  the south.
  
• The Delta is a wide triangular piece of land
  where the Nile branches off into the
  Mediterranean Sea to the North.

4

• The Nile spills over its banks from between June
  and October, this period is called inundation.
  
• This is essential for farming because it restores
  moisture and nutrients to the soil.
  
• In the summer the temperature often hits 100
  degrees Fahrenheit, winter temperatures dip to 65
  degrees Fahrenheit.

5
EQ Question

• To what extent did the rule of King Ramses II,
  amplify Egyptian economic and military power?

6
Chronological Timeline of Ancient Egypt
7

• Before 8000 B.C. - People settled the Nile River
  in North Africa
  
• 4500 B.C. - Scattered Neolithic tribes began to
  farm, make tools and weapons, created artwork,
  built houses, and began to trade. These people
  became united in their efforts to control the
  dangerous Nile River. These settlements developed
  into Upper and Lower Egypt.
• 3200 B.C.- Settlers on the Nile begin to use
  sailboats.
  

8

• 3000 B.C. - Upper and Lower Egypt was unified
  under King Menes, who started a dynastic system
  of ruling families who made Egypt into a powerful
  state. Also Egyptian hieroglyphics are developed
• 2900 B.C. Egyptian government introduces a
  standard, official calendar.
  
• 2650 B.C. King Djoser builds the first known
  pyramid.
  
• 2625 B.C. to 2130 B.C. The Old Kingdom, when
  the great pyramids where built.

9

• 2625 B.C. to 2500 B.C. Fourth Dynasty, the
  Pyramids of Giza are built
  
• 2625 B.C. to 2130 B.C. The Old Kingdom, when
  the great pyramids where built.
  
• 2288 B.C. to 2194 B.C. Pepi II reigns during
  the sixth dynasty at age six and rules for ninety
  four years.
  
• 2129B.C. to 1980 B.C. The First Intermediate
  Period, a time of Egyptian civil war.
  

10

• 1980 B.C. to 1630 B.C. The Middle Kingdom,
  period in which art, culture, and trade
  flourished. The military was also organized and
  new irrigation systems enabled thousands of acres
  of farmland to be used. There were 4 dynasties in
  the Middle Kingdom.
• 1938 B.C. 1759 B.C. Twelfth dynasty, the
  classical period of ancient Egypt
  
• 1630 B.C. to 1539 B.C. Second Intermediate
  Period. Asian immigrants known as Hyksos, settled
  in northern Egypt. These people gained political
  control over some Egyptian territories. Because
  of several weak Egyptian leaders, Egypt was not
  able to hold a central authority and the Hyksos
  took over Egypt.

11

• 1600 B.C. Egyptian rulers at Thebes who had
  controlled a small piece of land built a powerful
  army and beat the Hyksos.
  
• 1539 B.C. to 1075 B.C. New Kingdom, Egypt was a
  major economic and political influence in Africa
  and Asia
  
• 1514 B.C. to 1493 B.C. Reign of Amenhotep I
• 1479 B.C. to 1458 Hatshepsut takes the thrown
  as regent for Thutmose III
  
• 1458 B.C. to 1425 B.C.- Thutmose III rules

12

• 1353 B.C. to 1336 B.C. Amunhotep IV rules, he
  changes his name to Akehenaton, he rejects Egypts
  old religion in Amun in favor for Aten, the sun
  god of the city of Heliopolis, his religious
  monotheistic views were revolutionary.
• 1292 B.C. to 1225 B.C Rule of Ramses II

13

• 1079 B.C. to 656 B.C. The Third Intermediate
  Period, decline of ancient Egypt, brought on by
  the invasion and defeat of Egypt by the Cushite
  Dynasty. Internal problems, foreign rulers, and
  invasions eventually brought ancient Egypts
  demise. Egyptian culture was then influenced by
  Persian, Greek, and Roman cultures, which changed
  Egyptian civilization forever.
• 664 B.C. to 332 B.C. Late Period

14
Chronology of Ramses IIs Reign
15

• June 1279 B.C. Coronation
• 1276 B.C. First military campaign in Syria
• 1275 B.C. Second military campaign in Syria,
  battle of Kadesh
  
• 1274 B.C. to 1269 B.C. Three more military
  campaigns in Syria
  
• 1262 B.C. Possible exodus of Jews
• 1260 B.C. Ramses II crushes a revolt in Nubia
• 1258 B.C. Treaty formed with the kingdom of
  Hatti

16

• 1255 B.C. inauguration of the temples of Abu
  Simbel
  
• 1254 B.C. Nefertari dies
• 1249 B.C. first jubilee, sed feast- reaffirms
  Rameses IIs power
  
• 1246 B.C. second jubilee
• 1245 B.C. First Hittite marriage
• 1243 B.C. Third jubilee
• 1241 B.C. Hittite prince-heir visits Egypt

17

• 1239 B.C. Fourth jubilee
• 1237 B.C. Fifth jubilee
• 1235 B.C. second Hittite marriage
• 1227 B.C. to 1221 B.C. three more jubilees
• 1220 B.C. Merneptah named prince-heir
• 1215 B.C. to 1206 B.C. four more jubilees
• 1214 B.C. Ramses II dies

18
Bibliography

• Tiano, Oliver. Ramses II and Egypt. New York
  Henry Holt and Company, 1996.
  
• King Ramses II. Kingtutshop.com. 1 March 2006.
  http//www.kingtutshop.com/freeinfo/ramses.htm
  
• Day, Nancy. Your Travel Guide to Ancient Egypt.
  Minneapolis Runestone Press, 2001
  
• Johnson, Paul. The Civilization of Ancient Egypt.
  New York Atheneum, 1978
  
• Egypt. Bigfoto.com. 2 March 2006.
  http//www.bigfoto.com/africa/egypt/egypt-pyramide
  -n3.jpg