Complex Society in South, East

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Topic 23
Complex Society in South, East Southeast Asia
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Indus Valley Civilization
2700 - 1700 BC
East Pakistan / West India
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Settlement System

• territorial state

1,300,000 km2

• highly urbanized

Harappa, Mohenjodaro
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Monumental Architecture

• public buildings

'Great Bath'
BUT
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Monumental Architecture

• no palaces

• no temples

• no burial monuments

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Occupational Specialization

• peasant farmers

• artisans

• artists scribes

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Differential Mortuary Practices?
no ostentatious display
equitable distribution of wealth?
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Record Keeping

• hieroglyphic script

• untranslated

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• decline

• invasion?

• natural disaster?

• legacy

Hinduism?
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Complex Society in Southeast Asia
AD 1 - 1500

• trading systems between India China

• rise of divine kingship

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Angkor
Angkor Wat
monumental architecture on grand scale
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Complex Society in North China
3000 BC - AD 120
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Longshan

• chiefdoms

• intensive agriculture

• craft specialization

• 1st writing

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State Level Society
2200 - 221 BC
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Xia dynasty
1st state?
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Shang Civilization

• state-level

• social hierarchy

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Settlement System

• centralized territorial state?

• urbanized

Anyang, Zhengshou
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Monumental Architecture

• defensive works

• public buildings

• palaces

• funerary monuments

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Monumental Architecture
rammed earth
e.g., city wall at Ao
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Differential Mortuary Practices
reflect rigid social hierarchy
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Occupational Specialization

• intensive farming

• artists scribes

• bronze metallurgy

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Record Keeping

• pictographic script

• translatable from ca 2000 BC

• longest continuous record

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Zhou
War Lords" period
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Later Chinese Complex Society
Empires
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Ch'in
Shihuangdi
'1st Emperor'
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Han
different dynasty
cultural continuity