Unit 8 19th Century Western Imperialism Modern World AMDG

1
Unit 8 19th Century Western Imperialism
Modern World AMDG
Isandlwana, January, 1879
2

• Introduction
• Era of Imperialism 1800-1914
• Imperialism Defined
• A nations domination of the political,
  economic social aspects of another nation.
• Causes of the Era
• 1). Industrialization
• 2). Nationalistic Philosophy
• 3). Missionary Activity
• Outcomes
• Industrialized / Developing Nations Income
  Disparity
• Political, Social Economic Instability in
  Developing Regions

3

• I). Imperial Ideologies
• A). Economics
• Industrial Needs
• Raw Materials
• New Markets
• Consumer Needs
• Luxury Items from Abroad
• Exotic Foods
• Opportunistic Migration
• Safety Valve Theory
• Cecil Rhoades Example
• B). Nationalism
• Rising Nationalism
• An Increasingly Patriotic Identification with
  Ones Nation

4

• C). Christian Missionary Activity
• Sincere Missionary Efforts?
• Legitimate Duty to Convert Souls to
  Christianity
• Vs.
• European Ethnocentrism
• Social Darwinism
• White Europeans as the highest state of Human
  Evolution
• Justification of Exploitation Civilizing
  Mission

5

• II). Partition of Africa
• Introduction
• Stanley / Livingstone Popularity
• Transition
• 1878 European Nations Controlled
• Less than 10 of Africa
• 1914 Europe Controlled nearly 100
• of Africa!!!
• A). European Political Influence in Africa
• Northern Africa
• French Dominance in Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco
• Italians in Libya
• British Presence in Egypt / Sudan
• Central Africa
• Slave Trade along the Coasts
• Raw Materials from the Interior

6
Isandlwana

• B). Conflicts in 19th Century Africa
• 1). Anglo-Zulu War of 1879
• Foundations of the Zulu Nation Shaka Zulu 1810s
  
• 19th Century Anglo-Boer Migrations into Zulu
  Territory
• Important Battles of 1879
• Isandlwana (Jan. 22, 1879)
• Rorkes Drift (Jan. 23 24, 1879)
• Ulundi (July 4, 1879)
• 2). Omdurman 1898
• Ottoman Decline British Presence in Egypt
• Threat from the Sudan Mahdi
• Death of General Gordon in Khartoum 1885
• British Revenge Kitchener _at_ Omdurman
• 3). Boer War 1900
• Conflict between Anglo-Dutch Settlers in South
  Africa
• Displacement of Dutch Settlers Blockhouse System
• Dutch Defeat and the 1911 Union of South Africa

Omdurman
7

• C). Outcomes of African Partition
• 1). Exploitation of Resources
• 2). Proving Ground for European Weapons
• 3). Cause for Future Conflict
• 4). Per Capita Income Disparity
• 5). Social Issues

8

• III). Western Imperialism in 19th Century Asia
• A). Asian Culture
• 1). India
• a). Society
• 1500 BC, Aryan Settlement
• Epic Poems Vedas
• Varnas / Caste System
• Kshatriyas
• Brahmans
• Vaisyas
• Sudros
• Untouchables
• Dharma Rigid Social Code
• b). Religion
• Hinduism Rooted in Vedas Epics

Brahma
Siva
9
Jainist

• (Hinduism Continued)
• Karma / Reincarnation Relationship
• Means to attaining Moksha
• Jainism
• 6th Century BC (500s)
• Mahavira
• Stress on Ahimsa
• Economic Sustenance
• Buddhism
• 6th Century BC
• Siddartha Gautama
• 4 Noble Truths the 8-Fold Path
• Ultimate Goal Nirvana
• c). Mogul Influence
• 1100-1400 Successive Waves of Mongol Invasions
  

10
Kongfuzi

• 2). China
• a). Culture
• 1028-221 BC The Zhou Dynasty Localism,
• Feudalism Civil War
• Response to Instability 3 Philosophies ?
• Confucianism
• Kongfuzi, 6th Century BC
• Message of Social Harmony via Ethics
• 5 Basic Relationships
• Filial Piety
• Legalism
• Rejection of Confucian Principles
• Inherent Evil of Man
• Forceful Government to Oversee Man
• Daoism

11
Yuan Dynasty

• b). Politics 1268-1911 3-Dynasties
• Yuan Dynasty (1260-1368)
• 13th-14th Century Mongol Regime
• Kublai Khan (r. 1260-1294)
• Forced Mongol Culture / Mongols w/in Gov.
• Expansion of Trade w/ the West
• Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
• Yuan overthrown by Hong Wu (Peasant King)
• Ming Brilliant
• Government Reorganization / Reforms
• Naval Build Up / Zheng He
• The Forbidden City
• Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)
• Manchurian Domination of China
• Took Advantage of Ming Preoccupation w/ Luxury

The Forbidden City
12
Zhen He (Cheng-ho) Expeditions
Zheng He (1371-1433)
14th Century Comparison Ming Treasure Ship (400
Ft) vs. Da Gamas Sao Gabriel (90 Feet)
13

• 3). Japan
• a). Culture
• 4 Main Islands Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu,
  Hokkaido
• 20 Suitable Farm Lands / Reliance on Sea
• Isolation the Creation Myth
• Primary Gods / Goddesses
• Izanagi / Izanami Creator Gods
• Amaterasu Sun Goddess
• Tsuki-yumi (Moon God)
• Susanowo (Storm God)
• Shinto Spirituality
• b). The Samurai
• 1000-1185 Heien Period Instability
• 1185 Yoritomo Minomoto Establishes 1st Shogunate
• Kamakura Period 1185-1333
• Mongol Invasions 1274 / 1281
• Feudal Structure

4 Main Islands of Japan
Samurai Defense of Japan, 1281
14

• c). Tokugawa Shogunate
• 1333-1598 Localism Civil War
• 1568-1598 Nobunaga / Hideyoshi Steps Towards
  Unity
• 1598 Tokugawa Ieysu
• Edo, Japan
• Tools of Unity Sankin-Kotai / Metsuki
• Social Hierarchy
• 1. Samurai
• 2. Farmers
• 3. Artisans
• 4. Merchants
• d). Japanese Isolation
• 1540s-1640s Cultural Exchange w/ West
• Jesuits and Christianity in Japan
• 1636 Act of Seclusion
• Pros / Cons of Japanese Isolation (1636-1854)
• Pros Cons

15
SE Asia Map

• 4). Southeast Asia
• Introduction
• Indochina / Indonesian Philippine Archipelagos
  
• Beliefs Hinduism / Buddhism / Animism / Islam
• a). Cambodia
• 9th Century Dominance of the Khmer Culture
• Agricultural, Hindu-Buddhist Society
• 12th Century Height Suryavaram Angkor Wat
• 15th-19th Century Dominated by Vietnam
• 19th / 20th Century French Colony
• b). Vietnam
• Chinese Influence (Dominated by China 3rd
  Century BC 10th Century AD)
• 39 AD Trung Sisters
• Independence 938-1860s (Ngo Quyen)
• The Dinh the Traditional Religions

Angkor Wat
16
Srivijaya Empire

• d). Indonesia
• Seafaring Kingdoms
• Srivijaya Empire (Java / Sumatra, 600-1100 AD)
• Predominately Hindu / Buddhist Until 1200s
• 1620s Dominated by the Dutch / Japan Until
  1945
• B). Western Influence in Asia
• 1). British Holdings in Asia
• a). India
• 1600-1850 Strength of the East India Company
• Insistence on British Culture / Christianity
• 1857 Sepoy Rebellion
• 1858-1947 Viceroy System
• Discrimination / Economic Exploitation
• b). China
• 1644-1912 Weakness of the Qing Dynasty

1857 Sepoy Rebellion
17
(No Transcript)
18

• 2). Meiji Revolution
• Tokugawa Shogunate Isolation 1636-1853
• US Commodore Mathew Perry
• 1850s / 1860s Shogun Compromised
• Meiji Revolution 1868 Overthrow of Shogun
• Emperor Mutsuhito his Advisors
• 1868-1905 Modernization Expansion
• The Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere
• 3). Southeast Asia
• Dutch Indonesia Whip Club Philosophy
• Exploitation of Markets Luxury Goods / Spices /
  Coffee
• French Indochina Laos / Cambodia / Vietnam
• Economic Value Coal / Rice / Rubber
• Enforcing French Culture / Catholicism
• Future Conflicts
• Vietnam War (1954-1975)

Emperor Mutsuhito (1852-1912)
19

• C). Conclusion
• 1). Complexity of Asian Cultures / Western
  Comparison
• (500 BC 1500 AD)
• 2). The Partition of Asia Future Conflict
• 3). Japanese Militarization WWII

Vietnamese Self-Immolation in Protest of
Westernization
Dutch Troops Suppressing 1949 Revolution
Cambodian Land Mine Victims
20
(No Transcript)