AP World History

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AP World History

• Chapter 17 20 Christianity and Medieval Europe
  
• Unit 3

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Journal 11-30-15Why did the Western Roman Empire
Fall?

• Internal Pressures
• Power struggle (between 235 -241 ce 41 different
  people claimed to be emperor)
• Empire was too large
• Soldiers loyal to Generals rather than Rome
• Disease (small pox measles) ravaged population
• External Pressures ( Hun invasions, Visigoths,
  Ostrogoth's, Vandals, and Franks)

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What were the contributions of Charlemagne's
reign, and why did it ultimately fail to last
very long?

• Used missi dominici
• extended empire to northeast Spain, Bavaria,
  north Italy
• Created schools emphasis on arts ( Carolingian
  Renaissance)
• It fell because Charlemagne's only surviving son
  lost control of the counts
• Divided empire among Charlemagnes sons

4
What role did the serfs play in early medieval
Europe? What was life like on the manor?

• Worked the land for the lords in return for
  protection and small plots of land
• Could not leave land without permission
• Manor Large estate consisting of fields,
  meadows, forests, domestic animals, lakes,
  rivers, Serfs bound to the land
• Had bakeries, mills, breweries, wineries

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Friendly Reminders ?

• Read chapters 17 20
• Discussion question due before Friday

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Periodization
Early Middle Ages 500 1000 High Middle Ages
1000 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500
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Europe in the 6th century
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Dark Ages

• 500 -1000
• a time of decreased architectural building
  techniques, organized government, and less long
  distance trade.
• Most Germanic people could not read or write
• Decentralized governments

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What was the one unifying factor in Western
Europe?

• the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in
  Western Europe.
• tithe ? 1/10 tax on your assets given to the
  church.

Notre Dame Cathedral- Paris, France
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Carolingian Empire (Carol means Charles in Latin)
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The Rise of the Franks ( temporary revival)
Clovis

• Under ________ the Franks become the dominant
  power in Western Europe
• Clovis converted to _________, which in turn
  helped the Franks the gain the support of the
  Catholic Church

Christianity
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Charles Martel The Hammer

• Charles Martel founder of the Carolingian Empire
• Known for his military prowess
• Defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tours

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Charlemagne 742 to 814

• United Western Europe
• Missi Dominici- Envoys of the Lord Ruler to
  watch his provinces
• Defender of Roman Catholicism
• Capital _at_Aachen, established centralized rule
• History Teachers Song Charlemagne

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Charlemagnes Empire
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The Carolingian Renaissance
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Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor Dec.
25, 800
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Charlemagnes Empire Holy Roman Empire
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Charlemagnes Empire CollapsesTreaty of Verdun,
843
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Carolingian Demise

• Charlemagne sons grandsons lost control of the
  empire in 30 years
• Muslims raided from the south, Magyars raided
  from the East, Vikings from the North

Viking Long boat- Shallow draft boat
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Monasticism

• St. Benedict (480-547) establishes rules
  poverty, chastity, obedience.
• Agricultural laborers, worked in scriptoriums,
  ran inns, hospitals, orphanages.

St. Benedict established monastic rules.
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A Medieval Monastery The Scriptorium
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A Medieval Monks Day
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The Medieval Manor

• Manor Large estate consisting of fields,
  meadows, forests, domestic animals, lakes,
  rivers, Serfs bound to the land
• Had bakeries, mills, breweries, wineries

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Manorialism

• Manors were primary sources of agricultural
  production
• Large estate controlled by the lord and deputies

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Feudalism A Land Divided
A political, economic, and social system based on
loyalty and military service.
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Serfs

• Not fully free nor fully slave
• Worked the land for the lords in return for
  protection and small plots of land
• Could not leave land without permission
• Worked 3-4 days for lord

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What were the Crusades?

• 11th-14th century European Christian campaigns to
  retake Holy land and convert Muslims
• History Teachers Song on Crusades
• Crusades crash course

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Why did Christians go on Crusades?

• Religious Motives retake the Holy land from the
  Muslims
• Economic Motives wanted access to trade routes
  (silk spices)
• Political Motives help the Byzantines retake
  land from the Seljuk Turks

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Results of the Crusades

• Europe was re-introduced to Greco-Roman Culture
• Discovered Spoils of the East as silk, rice,
  glass, coffee, citrus products
• European technology improved (Compass, astrolabe,
  gunpowder)
• Weakened manorialism system Feudalism

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Economics of the Late Middle Ages

• Guilds-
• Regulated production and sale of goods
• Established standards of quality for manufactured
  goods
• Determined prices and regulated entry of new
  workers

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Hanseatic League

• The Hanseatic League is an organization of cities
  in Northern Germany and Southern Scandinavia.
  They were grouped for the sole purpose of
  commercial alliance. They formed the league to
  encourage trade. Since the start of banking in
  Europe, it became possible for the countries to
  organize commercial trades with each other. The
  people from the Hanseatic cities would go
  anywhere to gain a profit and to trade. The
  league mostly traded timber, furs, tar, wheat and
  rye from the east to the countries in the west.
  They eastern countries traded their items for
  cloth from the west.

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New Technology leads to population growth

• _______ rotation
• Heavy plows
• Water mills (mills for processing cloth, brewing
  beer, or grinding flour)

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What new technologies led to an increase in
agricultural production in the Post Classical
period?

• Mold Board Plow
• Crop Rotation
• Horse collar

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What were the affects of migration in time period
3 ( 600ce-1450?

• Vikings (using their longboats) migrated from the
  Northern European settling into Western European
  lands

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Describe gender roles in W. Europe during the
Middle Ages

• Code of Chivalry- honor system that emphasized
  loyalty and gentlemen like behavior
• Very Patriarchal land equaled power women could
  not inherit land or rule it
• Women were admired for beauty and compassion or
  femine qualities

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Historians use the term Middle Ages to refer to.?

• the era from about 500 to 1500 C.E.

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In the Early Middle Ages, the economic activity
of Western Europe was

• predominantly agricultural

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The Holy Roman Empire was neither holy, nor
Roman, nor an empire because

• the emperors were not crowned by the popes
• the Byzantine emperors did not acknowledge the
  Holy Roman Empire
• the people who lived there did not practice
  Christianity
• it did not restore imperial unity to Western
  Europe

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Which one of the following statements does not
describe the crusades?

1. The campaigns showed European military
   superiority to Muslim armies.
2. One of the crusades conquered Constantinople
   instead of recapturing Palestine
3. The crusaders traded eagerly with Muslim
   merchants in the eastern Mediterranean.
4. The crusaders brought many Muslim ideas back to
   Europe with them.
5. The crusaders introduced to Europe new
   agricultural products they learned about from the
   Muslims.