The Automobile

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The Automobile

• Where its been

And Where its going
By Adrian Basharain
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My Questions

• How does an automobile work?
• How has the automobile progressed over the years?
• What are some automotive innovations?

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What's in Store...

• A Brief summary of the invention of the
  Automobile
• How an automobile works
• Automotive innovations
• Where the Automobile is today

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The Beginning

• Karl Benz was the first to use a gasoline Otto
  engine for automobiles in the late 1800s.
• Automobiles like this were made one at a time and
  were expensive.

Yikes thats Pricey!
Karl Benzs Velo
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The Beginning

• In 1902 Ransom Eli Olds began producing
  automobiles on a production line.
• Later in the 1910s Henry Ford perfected the
  assembly line technique.

ONLY 300!
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How an Automobile Works

• Turns Chemical Potential Energy into Mechanical
  Work
• Modern engines have many components
• Most modern cars and light trucks use a
  four-stroke spark- ignition engine

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How an Automobile Works

• -Four Stroke SI Engine-

• First Stroke Intake Air and Fuel Mixture enter
  the cylinder.

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How an Automobile Works

• -Four Stroke SI Engine-

• Second Stroke Compression Compresses Air and
  Fuel Mixture in preparation for Combustion
  (Combustion also takes place during this stroke).

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How an Automobile Works

• -Four Stroke SI Engine-

• Third Stroke Power Pressure from Combustion
  pushes the piston downwards creating an output
  force on the crankshaft to create mechanical
  work.

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How an Automobile Works

• -Four Stroke SI Engine-

• Fourth Stroke Exhaust After Combustion, exhaust
  gas is pushed out of the cylinder to prepare for
  the next cycle.

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Automotive Innovations
Catalytic Converter
Supercharger
Nos Kit
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Automotive Innovations

• Do 1 of 2 things
• 1. Make your car faster
• OR
• 2. Make your car more efficient...

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Automotive Innovations

• Part 1 The faster part
• Early automobiles (Like Fords Model T) had about
  20 hpcapable of reaching speeds as high as 45
  Mph!!!

Whoah! Slow Down Speedy!!!
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Automotive Innovations

• Obviouslypeople needed to go faster

• There are several ways to make a car go faster,
  but two best ways are

• Air and fuel Induction

• Get a bigger engine

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Automotive Innovations
Air and Fuel Induction

• Increases speed and power by forcing more air
  (oxygen) at higher pressure into the chamber to
  allow for greater combustion efficiency and
  greater work output.

Air and fuel enter here
Combustion occurs here
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Automotive Innovations
Air and Fuel Induction
Supercharger Type of compressor which increases
pressure of intake air and is driven off of the
vehicles crankshaft
CARGOFAST
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Automotive Innovations
Bigger Engines

• Engines can range anywhere from 4-cylinder to
  12-cylinder designs, as well as vary in the
  arrangement of the cylinders.

• Most Common arrangements are In-line, V, and Flat

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Automotive Innovations
Bigger Engines

• The more cylinders an engine block has, the
  greater amount of hp it can generate, and the
  faster the car can go!

Sexy Time!!!
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Automotive Innovations

• Part 2 The efficient part
• Early automobiles were not very good on gas
  (think Hummer) and emitted hazardous amounts of
  CO2 and NO2, so it has been a constant battle to
  increase fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.

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Automotive Innovations
Efficiency

• Over the years, better engine design such
  implementation of computers and fuel injection
  have led to fuel efficiency as high as 35 mpg for
  regular combustion engines, and as high as 60 mpg
  for some hybrid vehicles

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Automotive Innovations
Efficiency

• The introduction of catalytic converters has
  helped to reduce the amount of harmful emissions
  by breaking down compounds such as NO and CO
  before they are expelled.

Very Nice!!!
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The Automobile Today

• The automobile today is one that incorporates all
  of the innovations and advancements that are
  available
• Some (hybrids) even use a dual-fuel engine, which
  is the greatest achievement in automotive
  research thus far

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Summary

• First Automobiles invented in late 1800s
• Mass production of the automobile by the early
  1900s
• Innovations over the years such as superchargers
  and catalytic converters have improved speed and
  efficiency
• The automobile today is in a transitional stage
  moving from fossil fuel to alternative fuel

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THE END
An Adrian Basharain Production