Unit 2 CivilRights Heroes

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Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes

• Text A
• The Freedom Givers

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Proverb

• Who loses liberty loses all.
• ??????????
• Give me liberty, or give me death!
• ???,???!
• All things will come round to him who will but
  wait.???????,????????
• A single spark can start a prairie fire.
• ????,?????

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Warming-up Questions

• Both Josiah Henson and Uncle Tom are slaves. But
  in the eyes of Barbara Carter, they are
  different. Do you think they are different? If
  yes, in what way?
• 2. We know slavery was abolished more than one
  hundred years ago. Why does the author want to
  remind Americans of that part of history now?

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Warming-up Questions

• 3. Black Americans have made great progress in
  getting full equality. Do you think there is
  still much left to be done? Give examples to
  support your point of view.
• 4. Do you know anything about the Civil War in
  the United States?

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Introductory Remarks Key words Freedom and
rights

• Freedom of the individual is considered one of
  the essential features of western civilization,
  which is itself sometimes called the Free World.
  This freedom is often expressed in terms of
  rights to do certain things or to be treated in a
  particular way. When a person does something that
  others think strange, British and American people
  will often say, "It's a free country," meaning
  that although they disagree with the choice they
  recognize the other person's right to make it.

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• Americans sometimes call the US the "land of
  the free", a phrase taken from its national
  anthem. British people have always strongly
• defended their freedom. Fear that they will lose
  the freedom to decide their own future is behind
  many people's lack of enthusiasm for European
  unity.
• In Britain and the US the most basic rights
  include freedom of expression (freedom to say or
  write anything), freedom of choice (freedom to
  make decisions about your own life) and freedom
  of worship (freedom to practice any religion).

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Timeline of Slavery

• 1619Slaves in Virginia
• Africans brought to Jamestown are the first
  slaves imported into Britains North American
  colonies.
• 1750---Slaves as Property
• Describing slaves as real estate, Virginia
  lawmakers allow owners to bequeath (??,??) their
  slaves. The same law allowed masters to kill and
  destroy runaways.

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Timeline of Slavery

• 1775---American Revolution Begins
• Battles at the Massachusetts towns of Lexington
  and Concord on April 19 spark the war for
  American independence from Britain.
• 1776---Declaration of Independence
• The Continental Congress asserts that these
  United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be
  Free and Independent States.

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Timeline of Slavery

• 1783---American Revolution Ends
• Britain and the infant United States sign the
  Peace of Paris treaty.
• 1808---United States Bans Slave Trade
• Importing African slaves is outlawed, but
  smuggling continues.
• 1860---Abraham Lincoln Elected

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Abraham Lincoln of Illinois becomes the first
Republican to win the United States Presidency.

• 1861---1865-----United States Civil War
• Four years of brutal conflict claim 623,000
  lives.
• 1863---Emancipation Proclamation
• President Abraham Lincoln decrees that all slaves
  in Rebel territory are free on January 1, 1863.
• 1865---Slavery Abolished
• The 13th Amendment to the United States
  Constitution outlaws slavery.

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Cultural Notes

• Quaker any member of the Society of Friends, a
  religious group established in England in the
  1650s by George Fox. They were originally called
  Quakers because members were thought to "quake"
  or shake with religious excitement. Quakers
  worship Christ without any formal ceremony or
  fixed beliefs, and their meetings often involve
  silent thought or prayer. They are strongly
  opposed to violence and war, and are active in
  education and charity work.

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Cultural Notes

• Grand Central Terminal the best-known railway
  station in the US. It is on East 42nd Street in
  New York and was completed in 1913 in the
  American Beaux Arts style. The main area is very
  large, and the trains enter and leave the station
  on 123 tracks, arranged on two levels. The
  station is often very crowded You can't move in
  thereit's like Grand Central Station!

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Cultural Notes

• Methodist???(????)??
• a member of the Methodist Church, the largest of
  the Protestant Free Churches in Britain and the
  US. It was established in 1739 by John Wesley as
  part of the Church of England but it became
  separate from it in 1795. It was introduced into
  the US in the 18"1 century and today has over 50
  million members around the world. It emphasized
  the importance of moral issues, both personal and
  social.

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Cultural Notes----Moses(??)

• Along with God, it is the figure of Moses
  (Moshe) who dominates the Torah (?????). Acting
  at God's behest (??), it is he who leads the Jews
  out of slavery, releases the Ten Plagues against
  Egypt, guides the freed slaves for forty years in
  the wilderness, carries down the law from Mount
  Sinai, and prepares the Jews to enter the land of
  Canaan. Without Moses, there would be little
  apart from laws to write about in the last four
  books of the Torah.

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Cultural Notes----Moses(??) Moses is born
during the Jewish enslavement in Egypt, during a
terrible period

• when Pharaoh (????) decrees that all male Hebrew
  (???????) infants are to be drowned at birth. His
  mother, Yocheved, desperate(?????) to prolong his
  life, floats him in a basket in the Nile. Hearing
  the crying child as she walks by, Pharaoh's
  daughter pities the crying infant and adopts him.
  It surely is no coincidence that the Jews' future
  liberator is raised as an Egyptian prince. Had
  Moses grown up in slavery with his fellow
  Hebrews, he probably would not have developed the
  pride, vision, and courage to lead a revolt.

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Summary

• The author relates three stories that happened
  to three conductors on the Underground Railroad
  in the early black civil rights movement in the
  United States. The three small stories are the
  main line of the text. First, the author begins
  with the depiction of a lady, who leads the
  readers to the figures she intends, and to the
  time when the three stories took place, thus
  extolling those unknown Underground Railroad
  heroes in a smooth way.

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The three stories carefully chosen, the three
heroes represent all the three kinds of
participants in the Underground Railroad

• John Parker, formerly a slave who became an
  intelligent and brave black conductor after
  gaining freedom Levi Coffin, representing the
  white conductor Josiah Henson, representing
  thousands of black passengers who set foot on
  the land of freedom with the help of the
  Underground Railroad. With the stories readers
  may reconstruct the fierce struggles at that time
  and get a general idea of those courageous
  freedom givers and develop spontaneously a
  sense of admiration for them.

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Writing Style The narration is constructed
vividly and instructively.

• In order to make the story more effective and
  believable, the author employed the first person
  narration at the beginning of the text. At the
  end of the text, the author cites the quotation
  of Henson. It seems that Henson is a real free
  man standing before us.
• We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the
  beginning of the text, yet his full story is not
  told until the last part. In this way, the author
  achieves coherence of text.
• Direct speech is more vivid and convincing than
  indirect speech, especially when it comes to
  expressing personal beliefs.

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Translation

• ????????????,??????????????????
• ??????????,?????????,?????????
• ????????,?????????????,???????????????
• ?????????,????,?????????????
• ?????????,??????????????,????????????

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Compound Dictation

• Cincinnati will soon open a National Underground
  Freedom Center in honor of the great (1) ________
  struggle in the US. Many names are worthy of
  being put on the long list of the contributors to
  this (2) ________ event. John Parker is one of
  them.
• John Parker was born a slave, but he was
  determined to live free someday. Eventually he
  became a conductor on the (3) _________

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Compound Dictation

• Railroad, helping people slip by the slave
  hunters. He was famous in Kentucky, with a 1,000
  reward for his (4) ________, dead or alive. Over
  the course of his life, John Parker guided more
  than 400 slaves to safety and (5) ________ in
  Canada.
• The Underground Railroad was not made up of the
  blacks alone. White people, (6) _______ by their
  religious convictions, also join the journey.

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Compound Dictation

• Levi Coffin was such a Quaker, (7) _________
• _____________ at his home, which finally came to
  be the Grand Central Terminal of the Underground
  Railroad. Despite the frequent death threats and
  warnings, he continued with (8)
  ______________________________.
• Josiah Henson is another person to be mentioned.
  He was the prototype on which Mrs. Stowe based
  her Uncle Toms Cabin. But he was not a weak

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Compound Dictation

• character like Uncle Tom. He took his family
  northward when (9) ___________________. With the
  help of the Underground Railroad, he (10)
  ___________________ in the end.

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Compound Dictation

• Cincinnati will soon open a National Underground
  Freedom Center in honor of the great (1)
  civil-rights struggle in the US. Many names are
  worthy of being put on the long list of the
  contributors to this (2) historical event. John
  Parker is one of them.
• John Parker was born a slave, but he was
  determined to live free someday. Eventually he
  became a conductor on the (3) Underground

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Compound Dictation

• Railroad, helping people slip by the slave
  hunters. He was famous in Kentucky, with a 1,000
  reward for his (4) capture, dead or alive. Over
  the course of his life, John Parker guided more
  than 400 slaves to safety and (5) settlement in
  Canada.
• The Underground Railroad was not made up of the
  blacks alone. White people, (6) driven by their
  religious convictions, also join the journey.

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Compound Dictation

• Levi Coffin was such a Quaker, (7) sheltering
  the fleeing slaves at his home, which finally
  came to be the Grand Central Terminal of the
  Underground Railroad. Despite the frequent death
  threats and warnings, he continued with (8) the
  mission to feed the hungry and clothe the naked.
  
• Josiah Henson is another person to be mentioned.
  He was the prototype on which Mrs. Stowe based
  her Uncle Toms Cabin. But he was not a weak

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Compound Dictation

• character like Uncle Tom. He took his family
  northward when (9) their family life was at risk.
  With the help of the Underground Railroad, he
  (10) earned his freedom in the end.