10 Greatest Myths of Breast Cancer

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Young women dont get breast cancer
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• Breast cancer can occur at any age
• Risk increases with age
• 1 out of 2,212 breast cancer diagnoses will
  be a 30-year-old woman

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A Womans Chance of Breast Cancer Increases With
Age 
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A negative mammogram means you dont have
breast cancer
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• 10 15 of breast cancers are missed on
  mammography
• Some lumps can only be felt and not seen on
  mammography because of the density of the lump
• 26 of cancers detected last year were found on
  mammography as calcifications

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Microcalfications
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• A mammogram needs to be coupled with a yearly
  clinical breast exam and a monthly breast
  self-exam
• A clinical exam may find changes in the breast
  that would require additional evaluation with
  other screening tests such as ultrasound or
  dedicated breast MRI

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Finding a lumpis the only waya woman can
detect breast cancer
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• Some cancers dont form a lump
• A visual exam of the breasts can often show
  symptoms that need to be reported to a healthcare
  provider

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Other Symptoms Include

• Discharge from one breast
• Inversion of a normally everted nipple
• Dimplinga pulling in of the breast skin
• Bulgearea of raised tissues on one breast
• Itching, irritated or scaly nipple with/without
  discharge
• Rapidly increasing pain with redness or rash
• Rapid increase in size of one breast
• Changes in the shape of a breast
• Change in vein patterns on one breast

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No history of breast cancer in your family means
you never have to worry about having it
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• All women are at risk
• Last year, 76 of women diagnosed with breast
  cancer had no family history of breast cancer
• The greatest risk is being female

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A mothers family history of breast cancer is
the only important history
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• A fathers history is equally important
• Hereditary breast cancer is caused by inheriting
  a mutated gene from either your father or mother
• History needs to include the previous two
  generations because hereditary breast cancer can
  skip a generation

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The most important risk factor is the number of
relatives who have had breast cancer
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• Age of occurrence is more important than the
  number of relatives diagnosed
• Early age of diagnosis is a red flag for
  hereditary breast cancer

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• Equally important is a family history of ovarian
  cancer or having bilateral cancer (both breasts)
  
• A relative having both breast and ovarian cancer
  is highly suspicious for hereditary breast cancer

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Breast cancer should be removed immediately
before it spreads
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• Most cancers 1 cm in size have been in the breast
  for 8 10 years when detected
• Breast cancer starts when one cell becomes
  malignant and begins a doubling process that
  continues until it reaches a size that can be
  detected by breast exam or on a mammogram

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• Doubling process ranges from 29 to 220 days
• Breast cancer is not usually a medical emergency,
  with the exception of inflammatory breast cancer

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All Breast Cancer Patients Receive the Same
Treatments
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• There are 15 different types of breast cancer
• Each type can vary greatly in aggressiveness of
  growth
• There is no longer a cookie-cutter approach to
  treatment as there was years ago

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• Every womans cancer is uniquely unique
• Treatments are designed from careful study of
• Tumor type
• Size
• Spread of cancer to other sites
• Individual characteristics of cancer
• Age and general health

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Treatments

• Surgery
• Radiation Therapy
• Chemotherapy

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Surgery

• Lumpectomy
• Mastectomy
• With or without reconstruction

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Radiation Therapy
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Adjuvant Therapy

• Chemotherapy
• Neoadjuvant
• Post surgical

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Adjuvant Therapy

• Hormonal Therapy

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Breast cancer is the number one enemy of women
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• The number one enemy is NOT breast cancer but the
  late detection of breast cancer
• Breast cancer detected early can usually be
  treated successfully

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High risk women cant do anything about their
risks
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• High risk women because of family history or an
  identified carrier of the breast cancer gene can
  do something about their risks

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• Stop smoking
• Limit alcohol intake
• Exercise
• Eat a well-balanced, nutritious diet
• Get a mammogram on a recommended schedule
• Have clinical exams regularly
• Ask your physician about talking with a genetic
  counselor

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BRCA Mutations Increase Risk For Breast and
Ovarian Cancer
Breast Cancerby Age 50
Breast Cancerby Age 70
Ovarian Cancerby Age 70
BRCA mutation carriers
General Population
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Genetic TestingWho Should Be Tested?

• Individuals with a personal or family history of
  breast cancer before age 50 or ovarian cancer at
  any age.
• Individuals with two or more primary diagnoses of
  breast and/or ovarian cancer.
• Individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent with a
  personal or family history of breast cancer
  before age 50 or ovarian cancer at any age.
• Male breast cancer patients.

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BRCA1 or BRCA2 Testing

• For genetic testing, a blood sample is drawn and
  sent to a lab to see if an inherited, mutated
  gene (BRCA1 or BRCA2) is present
• DNA is present in all body cells
• Test person with cancer first if possible
• The mutated gene can come from the mother or
  father

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How Are People Tested?

• Blood test
• DNA in every cell in body
• Test person with cancer first if possible
• Testing of relatives to determine if they carry
  gene if person with cancer test positive

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Sisters
Jackie Positive BRCA1
Romy PositiveBRCA1

• Jeanne
• Diagnosedat Age 30

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Women who test positive for hereditary breast
cancer are offered

• High risk surveillance
• Chemoprevention
• Prophylactic surgery

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High Risk Surveillance

• Monthly breast self-exams starting at age 18 to
  21 and annual or semiannual clinical breast
  exams, beginning between ages 25 to 35.
• Yearly mammography or dedicated breast MRI
  beginning between ages 25 to 35.
• Annual or semiannual transvaginal ultrasound and
  testing for CA-125 to detect ovarian cancer
  beginning between the ages of 25 to 35

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Chemoprevention

• Drugs such as Tamoxifen may significantly reduce
  the risk of breast cancer in women with BRCA
  mutations.
• Oral contraceptives have been associated with up
  to a 60 reduction in the risk of ovarian cancer
  in women with BRCA mutations when taken for six
  or more years.

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Prophylactic Surgery

• Prophylactic mastectomy reduces the risk of
  breast cancer by at least 90 in women with BRCA
  mutations.
• Prophylactic oophorectomy reduces the risk of
  ovarian cancer by up to 96 and simultaneously
  reduces the risk of breast cancer by
  approximately 50 percent in women with BRCA
  mutations.

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Good Breast Healthis 3-Step Approach

• 1. Self-Exam
• 2. Clinical Exam
• 3. Mammography

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Early detection is the best protection.
Breast cancer found early can usually be treated
successfully.
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Thank You And Good Breast Health!